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Suture Cells in a Mechanical Stretching Niche: Critical Contributors to Trans-sutural Distraction Osteogenesis

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Abstract

Trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis has been proposed as an alternative technique of craniofacial remodelling surgery for craniosynostosis correction. Many studies have defined the contribution of a series of biological events to distraction osteogenesis, such as changes in gene expression, changes in suture cell behaviour and changes in suture collagen fibre characteristics. However, few studies have elucidated the systematic molecular and cellular mechanisms of trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis, and no study has highlighted the contribution of cell–cell or cell–matrix interactions with respect to the whole expansion process to date. Therefore, it is difficult to translate largely primary mechanistic insights into clinical applications and optimize the clinical outcome of trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis. In this review, we carefully summarize in detail the literature related to the effects of mechanical stretching on osteoblasts, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells (macrophages and T cells), mesenchymal stem cells and collagen fibres in sutures during the distraction osteogenesis process. We also briefly review the contribution of cell–cell or cell–matrix interactions to bone regeneration at the osteogenic suture front from a comprehensive viewpoint.

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Funding

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in this article. This project was supported by the Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital (BYSY2018061).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China

    Wei Liang, Guan Li, Hongsen Bi & Zhenmin Zhao

  2. Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

    Enzhe Zhao

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  1. Wei Liang
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  2. Enzhe Zhao
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  3. Guan Li
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  4. Hongsen Bi
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Contributions

WL proposed the idea of this article; WL and GL explored reviews and wrote the manuscript. EZ drafted the scheme figure. HB and ZZ revised this work critically for important contents according the reviewer’s comments, and ZZ supported this research.

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Correspondence to Hongsen Bi or Zhenmin Zhao.

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There will be no conflict of commercial interest for authors Wei Liang, Enzhe Zhao, Guan Li, Hongsen Bi and Zhenmin Zhao with the publication of the manuscript.

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Ethical clearance was obtained from the Peking University Biomedical Ethics Committee (No. LA2019177). All the in vivo and in vitro cellular experiments were performed according to the National Institutes of Health Regulations for the care and use of animals.

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Liang, W., Zhao, E., Li, G. et al. Suture Cells in a Mechanical Stretching Niche: Critical Contributors to Trans-sutural Distraction Osteogenesis. Calcif Tissue Int 110, 285–293 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-021-00927-z

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