Abstract
Previous studies have revealed several deficits in anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) during voluntary movements while standing in individuals with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP). However, it remains unclear whether compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs) during movement increase to compensate for APA deficits. We investigated the anticipatory and compensatory activities of postural muscles during voluntary movement while standing in adolescents and young adults with BSCP. The study included seven participants with BSCP with level II on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), seven with BSCP with level III on the GMFCS, and fourteen healthy controls. The participants stood on a force platform and lifted a load under two weight conditions (light and heavy). The electromyographic activities of postural muscles were analyzed at time intervals typical for APAs and CPAs. The percentage of muscle activity in the CPA time epoch against the total muscle activity during the APA and CPA time epochs was higher in the two BSCP groups than in the control group. In the control group, a load-related modulation was observed only in the APA time epoch, whereas in the BSCP-II group, the load-related increase was observed in both the APA and CPA time epochs. No load-related modulations were observed in the BSCP-III group. These findings suggest that adolescents and young adults with BSCP exhibit an increase in the relative contribution of CPAs during voluntary movement and that there exist severity-related differences in the modulation of APAs and CPAs.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available in the University hospital Medical Information Network (https://www.umin.ac.jp/english/whatisumin.htm) (reference number: UMIN000039511). These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000045058).
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Acknowledgements
We wish to thank the research participants and their parents for their cooperation. We also wish to thank Enago (www.enago.jp) for the English language review.
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This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number JP 21700554).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data collection and analysis were performed by Hidehito Tomita and Daisuke Kawaguchi. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Hidehito Tomita and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The study abided by the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Toyohashi SOZO University (approval number: H2009004).
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Communicated by Winston D Byblow.
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Tomita, H., Fukaya, Y., Kawaguchi, D. et al. An increase in relative contribution of compensatory postural adjustments during voluntary movement while standing in adolescents and young adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Exp Brain Res 240, 3315–3325 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-022-06499-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-022-06499-0