Abstract
This study investigates whether real-time auditory feedback has a direct behavioural or perceptual effect on novices performing a golf putting task with limited visual feedback. Due to its significant role in the success of a putt, club head speed was selected as the parameter for sonification. Different combinations of synthesisers, timbral modulations, scales, and mappings were developed to examine whether particular sound classes influenced performance. When compared to trials with static pink noise, we found that, despite their vision being limited at impact, participants were able to use different types of sonification to significantly reduce variability in their distance from the target and ball location estimation. These results suggest that concurrent sound can play an important role in reducing variability in behavioural performance and related perceptual estimations. In addition, we found that, when compared to trials with static pink noise, participants were able to use sonification to significantly lower their average impact velocity. In the discussion, we offer some trends and observations relative to the different sound synthesis parameters and their effects on behavioural and perceptual performance.
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Notes
Rhythmicity can be described as creating a sense of accelerating or decelerating rhythms by changing the decay times of envelopes applied to a continuous sound.
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Funding
This work was funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the SoniMove: Inform, Guide and Learn Actions by Sounds project (ANR-14-CE24-0018- 01).
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Communicated by Francesco Lacquaniti.
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Club head speed and sonification comparisons
See Fig. 4.
Comparison of participant performing golf putting task with different club head speeds and the auditory signals generated from them. The following sound synthesis combinations were used, where scale 1:2 and linear mapping were fixed: jet * brightness (a); jet * rhythmicity (b); whoosh * brightness (c); and whoosh * rhythmicity (d)
Appendix 2: Impact sound and static pink noise
See Fig. 5.
Participant performing putting task without (a) and with (b) static pink noise
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O’Brien, B., Juhas, B., Bieńkiewicz, M. et al. Online sonification for golf putting gesture: reduced variability of motor behaviour and perceptual judgement. Exp Brain Res 238, 883–895 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-020-05757-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-020-05757-3