Abstract
Synaptic vesicles are key organelles in chemical signaling, allowing neurons to communicate with each other and with neighboring cells. Vesicle integral or membrane-associated proteins mediate the various tasks the organelle fulfills during its life cycle. These include organelle transport, interaction with the nerve terminal cytoskeleton, uptake and storage of low molecular weight constituents, and the regulated interaction with the presynaptic plasma membrane, the active zone, during exo- and endocytosis. Converging work from several laboratories within the last 30 years resulted in the molecular and functional characterization of the protein inventory of the synaptic vesicle compartment. Nowadays advances in membrane protein separation and mass spectrometry have dramatically promoted this field resulting in a detailed description of the synaptic vesicle proteome and making synaptic vesicles the best characterized organelles. Recently, the proteome of the active zone was identified using the docked synaptic vesicles as target for immunoisolation. Combining gel-based protein separation techniques, mass spectrometry, and immunodetection, a considerable variety of proteins has been detected in the active zone. This includes synaptic vesicle proteins, components of the presynaptic fusion and retrieval machinery, proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, a large variety of adhesion molecules and proteins potentially involved in regulating the functional and structural dynamics of the presynapse. Here, we discuss recent information concerning the proteome of the presynaptic active zone, focusing on proteins that are potentially involved in the short- and long-term structural modulation of the mature presynaptic compartment. In addition, we discuss the functional relevance of amyloid precursor protein in these membrane fractions and the putative interplay with direct or indirect interaction partners in the active zone.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- APP:
-
Amyloid precursor protein
- APLP1:
-
Amyloid precursor-like protein 1
- APLP2:
-
Amyloid precursor-like protein 2
References
Almqvist P, Carlsson SR, Hardy JA, Winblad B (1986) Regional and subcellular distribution of Thy-1 in human brain assayed by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. J Neurochem 46:681–685
Anliker B, Müller U (2006) The functions of mammalian amyloid precursor protein and related amyloid precursor—like proteins. Neurodegener Dis 3:239–246
Bahamonde MI, Valverde MA (2003) Voltage-dependent anion channel localises to the plasma membrane and peripheral but not perinuclear mitochondria. Pflugers Arch 446:309–313
Bantscheff M, Schirle M, Sweetman G, Rick J, Kuster B (2007) Quantitative mass spectrometry in proteomics: a critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 389:1017–1031
Barth J, Volknandt W (2011) Proteomic investigations of the synaptic vesicle interactome. Exp Rev Proteomics 20:211–220
Barth J, Zimmermann H, Volknandt W (2011) SV31 is a Zn2+ -binding synaptic vesicle protein. J Neurochem 118:558–570
Beguin P, Crambert G, Monnet-Tschudi F, Uldry M, Horisberger JD, Garty H, Geering K (2002) FXYD7 is a brain-specific regulator of Na, K-ATPase α1-β isozymes. EMBO J 21:3264–3273
Bhat MA, Rios JC, Lu Y, Garcia-Fresco GP, Ching W, St Martin M, Li J, Einheber S, Chesler M, Rosenbluth J, Salzer JL, Bellen HJ (2001) Axon-glia interactions and the domain organization of myelinated axons requires neurexin IV/Caspr/Paranodin. Neuron 30:369–383
Blondeau F, Ritter B, Allaire PD, Wasiak S, Girard M, Hussain NK, Angers A, Legendre-Guillemin V, Roy L, Boismenu D, Kearney RE, Bell AW, Bergeron JJ, McPherson PS (2004) Tandem MS analysis of brain clathrin-coated vesicles reveals their critical involvement in synaptic vesicle recycling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:3833–3838
Bomze HM, Bulsara KR, Iskandar BJ, Caroni P, Skene JH (2001) Spinal axon regeneration evoked by replacing two growth cone proteins in adult neurons. Nat Neurosci 4:38–43
Bowen MA, Patel DD, Li X, Modrell B, Malacko AR, Wang WC, Marquardt H, Neubauer M, Pesando JM, Francke U et al (1995) Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand. J Exp Med 181:2213–2220
Burgoyne RD, Clague MJ (1994) Annexins in the endocytic pathway. Trends Biochem Sci 19:231–232
Burré J, Volknandt W (2007) The synaptic vesicle proteome. J Neurochem 101:1448–1462
Burré J, Beckhaus T, Corvey C, Karas M, Zimmermann H, Volknandt W (2006a) Synaptic vesicle proteins under conditions of rest and activation: analysis by 2-D difference gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 27:3488–3496
Burré J, Beckhaus T, Schägger H, Corvey C, Hofmann S, Karas M, Zimmermann H, Volknandt W (2006b) Analysis of the synaptic vesicle proteome using three gel-based protein separation techniques. Proteomics 6:6250–6262
Burré J, Zimmermann H, Volknandt W (2007a) Identification and characterization of SV31, a novel synaptic vesicle membrane protein and potential transporter. J Neurochem 103:276–287
Burré J, Zimmermann H, Volknandt W (2007b) Immunoisolation and subfractionation of synaptic vesicle proteins. Anal Biochem 362:172–181
Buttner B, Kannicht C, Reutter W, Horstkorte R (2003) The neural cell adhesion molecule is associated with major components of the cytoskeleton. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 310:967–971
Cai Y, Saiyin H, Lin Q, Zhang P, Tang L, Pan X, Yu L (2005) Identification of a new RTN3 transcript, RTN3-A1, and its distribution in adult mouse brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 138:236–243
Campbell HD, Kamei M, Claudianos C, Woollatt E, Sutherland GR, Suzuki Y, Hida M, Sugano S, Young IG (2000) Human and mouse homologues of the Drosophila melanogaster tweety (tty) gene: a novel gene family encoding predicted transmembrane proteins. Genomics 68:89–92
Chamberlain LH, Roth D, Morgan A, Burgoyne RD (1995) Distinct effects of α-SNAP, 14–3-3 proteins, and calmodulin on priming and triggering of regulated exocytosis. J Cell Biol 130:1063–1070
Cheng HJ, Bagri A, Yaron A, Stein E, Pleasure SJ, Tessier-Lavigne M (2001) Plexin-A3 mediates semaphorin signaling and regulates the development of hippocampal axonal projections. Neuron 32:249–263
Chernova OB, Somerville RP, Cowell JK (1998) A novel gene, LGI1, from 10q24 is rearranged and downregulated in malignant brain tumors. Oncogene 17:2873–2881
Cottrell BA, Galvan V, Banwait S, Gorostiza O, Lombardo CR, Williams T, Schilling B, Peel A, Gibson B, Koo EH, Link CD, Bredesen DE (2005) A pilot proteomic study of amyloid precursor interactors in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 58:277–289
Coughenour HD, Spaulding RS, Thompson CM (2004) The synaptic vesicle proteome: a comparative study in membrane protein identification. Proteomics 4:3141–3155
Coulsen EJ, Paliga K, Beyreuther K, Masters CL (2000) What the evolution of the amyloid protein precursor supergene family tells us about its function. Neurochem Int 36:175–184
Dahms SO, Hoefgen S, Roeser D, Schlott B, Gührs KH, Than ME (2010) Structure and biochemical analysis of the heparin-induced E1 dimer of the amyloid precursor protein. PNAS 107:5381–5386
Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, van Groningen JJ, van Kooyk Y, Bloemers HP, Swart GW (1998) MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule). Am J Pathol 152:805–813
Dityatev A, Bukalo O, Schachner M (2008) Modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity by cell adhesion and repulsion molecules. Neuron Glia Biol 4:197–209
Dougherty MK, Morrison DK (2004) Unlocking the code of 14-3-3. J Cell Sci 117:1875–1884
Dunkley PR, Jarvie PE, Robinson PJ (2008) A rapid Percoll gradient procedure for preparation of synaptosomes. Nat Protoc 3:17181728
Einheber S, Zanazzi G, Ching W, Scherer S, Milner TA, Peles E, Salzer JL (1997) The axonal membrane protein Caspr, a homologue of neurexin IV, is a component of the septate-like paranodal junctions that assemble during myelination. J Cell Biol 139:1495–1506
Elinder F, Akanda N, Tofighi R, Shimizu S, Tsujimoto Y, Orrenius S, Ceccatelli S (2005) Opening of plasma membrane voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC) precedes caspase activation in neuronal apoptosis induced by toxic stimuli. Cell Death Differ 12:1134–1140
Elliott MH, Smith DS, Parker CE, Borchers C (2009) Current trends in quantitative proteomics. J Mass Spectrom 44:1637–1660
Falk J, Bonnon C, Girault JA, Faivre-Sarrailh C (2002) F3/contactin, a neuronal cell adhesion molecule implicated in axogenesis and myelination. Biol Cell 94:327–334
Fan H, Josic D, Lim YP, Reutter W (1995) cDNA cloning and tissue-specific regulation of expression of rat calcium-binding protein 65/67. Identification as a homologue of annexin VI. Eur J Biochem 230:741–751
Frey D, Laux T, Xu L, Schneider C, Caroni P (2000) Shared and unique roles of CAP23 and GAP43 in actin regulation, neurite outgrowth, and anatomical plasticity. J Cell Biol 149:1443–1454
Fukata Y, Adesnik H, Iwanaga T, Bredt DS, Nicoll RA, Fukata M (2006) Epilepsy-related ligand/receptor complex LGI1 and ADAM22 regulate synaptic transmission. Science 313:1792–1795
Funakoshi T, Hendrickson LE, McMullen BA, Fujikawa K (1987) Primary structure of human placental anticoagulant protein. Biochemistry 26:8087–8092
Galkin A, Meyer B, Wittig I, Karas M, Schägger H, Vinogradov A, Brandt U (2008) Identification of the mitochondrial ND3 subunit as a structural component involved in the active/deactive enzyme transition of respiratory complex I. J Biol Chem 283:20907–20913
Gil OD, Zanazzi G, Struyk AF, Salzer JL (1998) Neurotrimin mediates bifunctional effects on neurite outgrowth via homophilic and heterophilic interactions. J Neurosci 18:9312–9325
Greenwood IA, Leblanc N (2007) Overlapping pharmacology of Ca2+-activated Cl− and K+ channels. Trends Pharmacol Sci 28:1–5
Groemer TW, Thiel CS, Holt M, Riedel D, Hua Y, Hüve J, Wilhelm BG, Klingauf J (2011) Amyloid precursor protein is trafficked and secreted via synaptic vesicles. PLoS ONE 6:e18754
Grønborg M, Pavlos NJ, Brunk I, Chua JJ, Münster-Wandowski A, Riedel D, Ahnert-Hilger G, Urlaub H, Jahn R (2010) Quantitative comparison of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic vesicles unveils selectivity for few proteins including MAL2, a novel synaptic vesicle protein. J Neurosci 30:2–12
Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B (2003) The exploration of the proteinaceous composition of the synaptic vesicle is essential for an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neurotransmitter release. Natl Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:127–138
Harrison SM, Jarvie PE, Dunkley PR (1988) A rapid Percoll gradient procedure for isolation of synaptosomes directly from an S1 fraction: viability of subcellular fractions. Brain Res 411:72–80
Hartinger J, Stenius K, Högemann D, Jahn R (1996) 16-BAC/SDS-PAGE: A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system suitable for the separation of integral membrane proteins. Anal Biochem 240:126–133
Hortsch M (2000) Structural and functional evolution of the L1 family: are four adhesion molecules better than one? Mol Cell Neurosci 15:1–10
Hosoya H, Kobayashi R, Tsukita S, Matsumura F (1992) Ca(2+)-regulated actin and phospholipid binding protein (68 kD-protein) from bovine liver: identification as a homologue for annexin VI and intracellular localization. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 22:200–210
Huttner WB, Schiebler W, Greengard P, Camilli PD (1983) Synapsin I (protein I), a nerve terminal-specific phosphoprotein. III. Its association with synaptic vesicles studied in a highly purified synaptic vesicle preparation. J Cell Biol 96:1374–1388
Iino S, Kobayashi S, Maekawa S (1999) Immunohistochemical localization of a novel acidic calmodulin-binding protein, NAP-22, in the rat brain. Neuroscience 91:1435–1444
Inui M, Watanabe T, Sobue K (1994) Annexin VI binds to a synaptic vesicle protein, synapsin I. J Neurochem 63:1917–1923
Iwasaki A, Suda M, Nakao H, Nagoya T, Saino Y, Arai K, Mizoguchi T, Sato F, Yoshizaki H, Hirata M et al (1987) Structure and expression of cDNA for an inhibitor of blood coagulation isolated from human placenta: a new lipocortin-like protein. J Biochem (Tokyo) 102:1261–1273
Jacob J, Haspel J, Kane-Goldsmith N, Grumet M (2002) L1 mediated homophilic binding and neurite outgrowth are modulated by alternative splicing of exon 2. J Neurobiol 51:177–189
Jacobsen KT, Iverfeldt K (2009) Amyloid precursor protein and its homologues: a family of proteolysis-dependent receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:2299–2318
Jaskolla TW, Lehmann WD, Karas M (2008) 4-Chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid is an advanced, rationally designed MALDI matrix. PNAS 105:12200–12205
Jeng CJ, McCarroll SA, Martin TF, Floor E, Adams J, Krantz D, Butz S, Edwards R, Schweitzer ES (1998) Thy-1 is a component common to multiple populations of synaptic vesicles. J Cell Biol 140:685–698
Jordan BA, Fernholz BD, Boussac M, Xu C, Grigorean G, Ziff EB, Neubert TA (2004) Identification and verification of novel rodent postsynaptic density proteins. Mol. Cell Proteomics 3:857–871
Kaden D, Munter LM, Reif B, Multhaup G (2011) The amyloid precursor protein and its homologues: structural and functional aspects of native and pathogenic oligomerization. Eur J Cell Biol. doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.01.017
Kalachikov S, Evgrafov O, Ross B, Winawer M, Barker-Cummings C, Boneschi MF, Choi C, Morozov P, Das K, Teplitskaya E, Yu A, Cayanis E, Penchaszadeh G, Kottmann AH, Pedley TA, Hauser WA, Ottman R, Gilliam TC (2002) Mutations in LGI1 cause autosomal-dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features. Nat Genet 30:335–341
Kamal A, Ying Y, Anderson RG (1998) Annexin VI-mediated loss of spectrin during coated pit budding is coupled to delivery of LDL to lysosomes. J Cell Biol 142:937–947
Kameyama T, Murakami Y, Suto F, Kawakami A, Takagi S, Hirata T, Fujisawa H (1996a) Identification of a neuronal cell surface molecule, plexin, in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 226:524–529
Kameyama T, Murakami Y, Suto F, Kawakami A, Takagi S, Hirata T, Fujisawa H (1996b) Identification of plexin family molecules in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 226:396–402
Kanai Y, Segawa H, Miyamoto K, Uchino H, Takeda E, Endou H (1998) Expression cloning and characterization of a transporter for large neutral amino acids activated by the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen (CD98). J Biol Chem 273:23629–23632
Kashihara M, Miyata S, Kumanogoh H, Funatsu N, Matsunaga W, Kiyohara T, Sokawa Y, Maekawa S (2000) Changes in the localization of NAP-22, a calmodulin binding membrane protein, during the development of neuronal polarity. Neurosci Res 37:315–325
Kins S, Lauther N, Szodorai A, Beyreuther K (2006) Subcellular trafficking of the amyloid precursor protein gene family and its pathogenic role in Alzheimer’s desease. Neurodegener Dis 3:218–226
Kobayashi R, Tashima Y (1990) Purification, biological properties and partial sequence analysis of 67-kDa calcimedin and its 34-kDa fragment from chicken gizzard. Eur J Biochem 188:447–453
Koshimizu H, Suzuki S, Araki T, Yamada M, Kojima M, Hatanaka H (2011) BIT/SHPS-1 promotes antiapoptotic effect of BDNF on low potassium-induced cell death of cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol May 8 (Epub ahead of print)
Koticha D, Babiarz J, Kane-Goldsmith N, Jacob J, Raju K, Grumet M (2005) Cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth are promoted by neurofascin NF155 and inhibited by NF186. Mol Cell Neurosci 30:137–148
Langnaese K, Beesley PW, Gundelfinger ED (1997) Synaptic membrane glycoproteins gp65 and gp55 are new members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. J Biol Chem 272:821–827
Lauren J, Hu F, Chin J, Liao J, Airaksinen MS, Strittmatter SM (2007) Characterization of myelin ligand complexes with neuronal Nogo-66 receptor family members. J Biol Chem 282:5715–5725
Lawen A, Ly JD, Lane DJR, Zarschler K, Messina A, De Pinto V (2005) Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1)—a mitochondrial protein, rediscovered as a novel enzyme in the plasma membrane. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:277–282
Lazarov O, Morfini GA, Lee EB, Farah MH, Szodorai A, DeBoer SR, Koliatsos VE, Kins S, Lee VM, Wong PC, Price DL, Brady ST, Sisodia SS (2005) Axonal transport, amyloid precursor protein, kinesin-1, and the processing apparatus: revisited. J Neurosci 25:2386–2395
Li L, Chen LS (2003) The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 60:942–960
Lindberg FP, Gresham HD, Schwarz E, Brown EJ (1993) Molecular cloning of integrin-associated protein: an immunoglobulin family member with multiple membrane-spanning domains implicated in alpha v beta 3-dependent ligand binding. J Cell Biol 123:485–496
Lindner J, Rathjen FG, Schachner M (1983) L1 mono- and polyclonal antibodies modify cell migration in early postnatal mouse cerebellum. Nature 305:427–430
Littleton JT (2006) Mixing and matching during synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Neuron 51:149–151
Lorent K, Overbergh L, Moechars D, De Strooper B, van Leuven F, van den Berghe H (1995) Expression in mouse embryos and in adult mouse brain of three members of the amyloid precursor protein family, of the alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and of its ligand apolipoprotein E, lipoprotein lipase, alpha-2-macroglobulin and the 40,000 molecular weight receptor-associated protein. Neuroscience 65:1009–1025
Maekawa S, Maekawa M, Hattori S, Nakamura S (1993) Purification and molecular cloning of a novel acidic calmodulin binding protein from rat brain. J Biol Chem 268:13703–13709
Maretzky T, Schulte M, Ludwig A, Rose-John S, Blobel C, Hartmann D, Altevogt P, Saftig P, Reiss K (2005) L1 is sequentially processed by two differently activated metalloproteases and presenilin/gamma-secretase and regulates neural cell adhesion, cell migration, and neurite outgrowth. Mol Cell Biol 25:9040–9053
Marin R, Ramirez CM, Gonzalez CM, Gonzales-Munoz E, Zorzano A, Camps M, Alonso R, Diaz M (2007) Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) participates in amyloid beta-induced toxicity and interacts with plasma membrane estrogen receptor α in septal and hippocampal neurons. Mol Membr Biol 24:148–160
Marouga R, David S, Hawkins E (2005) The development of the DIGE system: 2D fluorescence difference gel analysis technology. Anal Bioanal Chem 382:669–678
Marquez-Sterling NR, Lo ACY, Sisodia SS, Koo EH (1997) Trafficking of cell-surface β-Amyloid precursor protein: evidence that sorting intermediate participates in synaptic vesicle recycling. J Neurosci 17:140–151
Martin H, Patel Y, Jones D, Howell S, Robinson K, Aitken A (1993) Antibodies against the major brain isoforms of 14-3-3 protein. An antibody specific for the N-acetylated amino-terminus of a protein. FEBS Lett 331:296–303
Maycox PR, Link E, Reetz A, Morris SA, Jahn R (1992) Clathrin-coated vesicles in nervous tissue are involved primarily in synaptic vesicle recycling. J Cell Biol 118:1379–1388
Menegoz M, Gaspar P, Le Bert M, Galvez T, Burgaya F, Palfrey C, Ezan P, Arnos F, Girault JA (1997) Paranodin, a glycoprotein of neuronal paranodal membranes. Neuron 19:319–331
Meyer B, Wittich I, Trifilieff KM, Schaegger H (2007) Identification of two proteins associated with mammalian ATP synthase. Mol Cell Proteomics 6:1690–1699
Minner S, Kraetzig F, Tachezy M, Kilic E, Graefen M, Wilczak W, Bokemeyer C, Huland H, Sauter G, Schlomm T (2011) Low activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule expression is associated with advanced tumor stage and early prostate-specific antigen relapse in prostate cancer. Hum Pathol. Jun 16 (Epub ahead of print)
Miyashita M, Ohnishi H, Okazawa H, Tomonaga H, Hayashi A, Fujimoto TT, Furuya N, Matozaki T (2004) Promotion of neurite and filopodium formation by CD47: roles of integrins, Rac, and Cdc42. Mol Biol Cell 15:3950–3963
Morciano M, Burré J, Corvey C, Karas M, Zimmermann H, Volknandt W (2005) Immunoisolation of two synaptic vesicle pools from synaptosomes: a proteomics analysis. J Neurochem 95:1732–1745
Morciano M, Beckhaus T, Karas M, Zimmermann H, Volknandt W (2009) The proteome of the presynaptic zone: from docked synaptic vesicles to adhesion molecules and max-channels. J Neurochem 108:662–675
Moreira EF, Jaworski CJ, Rodriguez IR (1999) Cloning of a novel member of the reticulon gene family (RTN3): gene structure and chromosomal localization to 11q13. Genomics 58:73–81
Murai KK, Misner D, Ranscht B (2002) Contactin supports synaptic plasticity associated with hippocampal long-term depression but not potentiation. Curr Biol 12:181–190
Murakami Y, Suto F, Shimizu M, Shinoda T, Kameyama T, Fujisawa H (2001) Differential expression of plexin-A subfamily members in the mouse nervous system. Dev Dyn 220:246–258
Norstrom EM, Zhang C, Tanzi R, Sisodia SS (2010) Identification of NEEP21 as a β-amyloid precursor protein-interacting protein in vivo that modulates amyloidogenic processing in vitro. J Neurosci 30:15677–15685
Numakawa T, Ishimoto T, Suzuki S, Numakawa Y, Adachi N, Matsumoto T, Yokomaku D, Koshimizu H, Fujimori KE, Hashimoto R, Taguchi T, Kunugi H (2004) Neuronal roles of the integrin-associated protein (IAP/CD47) in developing cortical neurons. J Biol Chem 279:43245–43253
Ohnishi H, Kubota M, Ohtake A, Sato K, Sano S (1996) Activation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase SH-PTP2 by a tyrosine-based activation motif of a novel brain molecule. J Biol Chem 271:25569–25574
Ohnishi H, Kubota M, Sano S (1997) BIT (Bit) maps to mouse chromosome 2. Genomics 40:504–506
Oren R, Takahashi S, Doss C, Levy R, Levy S (1990) TAPA-1, the target of an antiproliferative antibody, defines a new family of transmembrane proteins. Mol Cell Biol 10:4007–4015
Orito A, Kumanogoh H, Yasaka K, Sokawa J, Hidaka H, Sokawa Y, Maekawa S (2001) Calcium-dependent association of annexin VI, protein kinase C alpha, and neurocalcin alpha on the raft fraction derived from the synaptic plasma membrane of rat brain. J Neurosci Res 64:235–241
Owens GC, Edelman GM, Cunningham BA (1987) Organization of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) gene: alternative exon usage as the basis for different membrane-associated domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:294–298
Palacin M (1994) A new family of proteins (rBAT and 4F2hc) involved in cationic and zwitterionic amino acid transport: a tale of two proteins in search of a transport function. J Exp Biol 196:123–137
Paoloni-Giacobino A, Chen H, Antonarakis SE (1997) Cloning of a novel human neural cell adhesion molecule gene (NCAM2) that maps to chromosome region 21q21 and is potentially involved in Down syndrome. Genomics 43:43–51
Peles E, Nativ M, Lustig M, Grumet M, Schilling J, Martinez R, Plowman GD, Schlessinger J (1997) Identification of a novel contactin-associated transmembrane receptor with multiple domains implicated in protein–protein interactions. EMBO J 16:978–988
Perreau VM, Orchard S, Adlard PA, Bellingham SA, Cappai R, Ciccotosto GD, Cowie TF, Crouch PJ, Duce JA, Evin G, Faux NG, Hill AF, Hung YH, James SA, Li QX, Mok SS, Tew DJ, White AR, Bush AI, Hermjakob H, Masters CL (2010) A domain level interaction network of amyloid precursor protein and Abeta of Alzheimer’s disease. Proteomics 10:2377–2395
Pfeiffer R, Rossier G, Spindler B, Meier C, Kuhn L, Verrey F (1999) Amino acid transport of y + L-type by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and members of the glycoprotein-associated amino acid transporter family. EMBO J 18:49–57
Phillips GR, Florens L, Tanaka H, Khaing ZZ, Fidler L, Yates JR, Colman DR (2005) Proteomic comparison of two fractions derived from the transsynaptic scaffold. J Neurosci Res 81:762–775
Polo-Parada L, Bose CM, Landmesser LT (2001) Alterations in transmission, vesicle dynamics, and transmitter release machinery at NCAM-deficient neuromuscular junctions. Neuron 32:815–828
Polo-Parada L, Plattner F, Bose C, Landmesser LT (2005) NCAM 180 acting via a conserved C-terminal domain and MLCK is essential for effective transmission with repetitive stimulation. Neuron 46:917–931
Rahbar AM, Fenselau C (2004) Integration of Jacobson’s pellicle method into proteomic strategies for plasma membrane proteins. J Proteome Res 3:1267–1277
Rais I, Karas M, Schägger H (2004) Two-dimensional electrophoresis for the isolation of integral membrane proteins and mass spectrometric identification. Proteomics 4:2567–2571
Ranscht B (1988) Sequence of contactin, a 130-kD glycoprotein concentrated in areas of interneuronal contact, defines a new member of the immunoglobulin supergene family in the nervous system. J Cell Biol 107:1561–1573
Ranscht B, Moss DJ, Thomas C (1984) A neuronal surface glycoprotein associated with the cytoskeleton. J Cell Biol 99:1803–1813
Rathjen FG, Wolff JM, Chang S, Bonhoeffer F, Raper JA (1987) Neurofascin: a novel chick cell-surface glycoprotein involved in neurite–neurite interactions. Cell 51:841–849
Reinhardt C, Hebert SS, Strooper BD (2005) The amyloid-β precursor protein: integrating structure with biological function. EMBO J 24:3996–4005
Rietschel B, Arrey TN, Meyer B, Bornemann S, Schuerken M, Karas M, Poetsch A (2009a) Elastase digests: new ammunition for shotgun proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 8:1029–1043
Rietschel B, Baeumlisberger D, Arrey TN, Bornemann S, Rohmer M, Schuerken M, Karas M, Meyer B (2009b) The benefit of combining nLC-MALDI-orbitrap MS data with nLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF data for proteomic analyses employing elastase. J Proteome Res 6:5317–5324
Rohm B, Ottemeyer A, Lohrum M, Puschel AW (2000) Plexin/neuropilin complexes mediate repulsion by the axonal guidance signal semaphorin 3A. Mech Dev 93:95–104
Rossner S, Fuchsbrunner K, Lange-Dohna C, Hartlage-Rübsamen M, Bigl V, Betz A, Reim K, Brose N (2004) Munc 13-1-mediated vesicle priming contributes to secretory amyloid precursor protein processing. J Biol Chem 279:27841–27844
Ryan TA (2006) A pre-synaptic to-do list for coupling exocytosis to endocytosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 18:416–421
Sánchez-Ponce D, Defelipe J, Garrido JJ, Muñoz A (2011) In vitro maturation of the cisternal organelle in the hippocampal neuron’s axon initial segment. Mol Cell Neurosci. June 24 (Epub ahead of print)
Sano S, Ohnishi H, Omori A, Hasegawa J, Kubota M (1997) BIT, an immune antigen receptor-like molecule in the brain. FEBS Lett 411:327–334
Schrenk-Siemens K, Perez-Alcala S, Richter J, Lacroix E, Rahuel J, Korte M, Müller U, Barde YA, Bibel M (2008) Embryonic stem cell-derived neurons as a cellular system to study gene function: lack of amyloid precursor proteins APP and APLP2 leads to defective synaptic transmission. Stem Cells 26:2153–2163
Seki M, Nawa H, Morioka T, Fukuchi T, Oite T, Abe H, Takei N (2002) Establishment of a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Thy-1; quantitative assessment of neuronal degeneration. Neurosci Lett 329:185–188
Shiga T, Oppenheim RW, Grumet M, Edelman GM (1990) Neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule (Ng-CAM) expression in the chick embryo spinal cord: observations on the earliest developing intersegmental interneurons. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 55:209–217
Shin BK, Wang H, Yim AM, Le Naour F, Brichory F, Jang JH, Zhao R, Puravs E, Tra J, Michael CW, Misek DE, Hanash SM (2003) Global profiling of the cell surface proteome of cancer cells uncovers an abundance of proteins with chaperone function. J Biol Chem 278:7607–7616
Slunt HH, Thinakram G, von Koch C, Lo AC, Tanzi RE, Sisodia SS (1994) Homo- and heterodimerization of a ubiquitous, cross reactive homologue of the mouse beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). J Biol Chem 269:2637–2644
Smalla KH, Matthies H, Langnäse K, Shabir S, Böckers TM, Wyneken U, Staak S, Krug M, Beesley PW, Gundelfinger ED (2000) The synaptic glycoprotein neuroplastin is involved in long-term potentiation at hippocampal CA1 synapses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:4327–4332
Soba P, Eggert S, Wagner K, Zentgraf H, Siehl K, Kreger S, Lower A, Langer A, Merdes G, Paro P, Masters CL, Muller U, Kins S, Beyreuther K (2005) Homo- and heterodimerization of APP family members promotes intercellular adhesion. EMBO J 24:3624–3634
Stevens SM, Zharikova AD, Prokai L (2003) Proteomic analysis of the synaptic plasma membrane fraction isolated from rat forebrain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 117:116–128
Stoffel W, Körner R, Wachtmann D, Keller BU (2004) Functional analysis of glutamate transporters in excitatory synaptic transmission of GLAST1 and GLAST1/EAAC1 deficient mice. Mol Brain Res 128:170–181
Strecker V, Wumaier Z, Wittig I, Schägger H (2010) Large pore gels to separate mega protein complexes larger than 10 MDa by blue native electrophoresis: isolation of putative respiratory strings or patches. Proteomics 10:3379–3387
Struyk AF, Canoll PD, Wolfgang MJ, Rosen CL, D’Eustachio P, Salzer JL (1995) Cloning of neurotrimin defines a new subfamily of differentially expressed neural cell adhesion molecules. J Neurosci 15:2141–2156
Südhof TC (2004) The synaptic vesicle cycle. Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509–547
Suto F, Murakami Y, Nakamura F, Goshima Y, Fujisawa H (2003) Identification and characterization of a novel mouse plexin, plexin-A4. Mech Dev 120:385–396
Suto F, Ito K, Uemura M, Shimizu M, Shinkawa Y, Sanbo M, Shinoda T, Tsuboi M, Takashima S, Yagi T, Fujisawa H (2005) Plexin-a4 mediates axon-repulsive activities of both secreted and transmembrane semaphorins and plays roles in nerve fiber guidance. J Neurosci 25:3628–3637
Suto F, Tsuboi M, Kamiya H, Mizuno H, Kiyama Y, Komai S, Shimizu M, Sanbo M, Yagi T, Hiromi Y, Chedotal A, Mitchell KJ, Manabe T, Fujisawa H (2007) Interactions between plexin-A2, plexin-A4, and semaphorin 6A control lamina-restricted projection of hippocampal mossy fibers. Neuron 53:535–547
Suzuki M (2006) The Drosophila tweety family: molecular candidates for large-conductance Ca2+-activated Cl− channels. Exp Physiol 91:141–147
Suzuki M, Mizuno A (2004) A novel human Cl(−) channel family related to Drosophila flightless locus. J Biol Chem 279:22461–22468
Suzuki M, Morita T, Iwamoto T (2006) Diversity of Cl(−) channels. Cell Mol Life Sci 63:12–24
Sweadner KJ, Rael E (2000) The FXYD gene family of small ion transport regulators or channels: cDNA sequence, protein signature sequence, and expression. Genomics 68:41–56
Szodorai A, Kuan Y-H, Sakane A, Sasaki T, Takai Y, Kirsch J, Müller U, Beyreuther K, Brady S, Morfini G, Kins S (2009) APP anterograde transport requires Rab3A GTPase activity for assembly of the transport vesicle. J Neurosci 29:14534–14544
Takahashi T, Fournier A, Nakamura F, Wang LH, Murakami Y, Kalb RG, Fujisawa H, Strittmatter SM (1999) Plexin-neuropilin-1 complexes form functional semaphorin-3A receptors. Cell 99:59–69
Takamori S, Holt M, Stenius K, Lemke EA, Grønborg M, Riedel D, Urlaub H, Schenck S, Brügger B, Ringler P, Müller SA, Rammner B, Gräter F, Hub JS, De Groot BL, Mieskes G, Moriyama Y, Klingauf J, Grubmüller H, Heuser J, Wieland F, Jahn R (2006) Molecular anatomy of a trafficking organelle. Cell 127:831–846
Tannu NS, Hemby SE (2006a) Methods for proteomics in neuroscience. Prog Brain Res 158:41–82
Tannu NS, Hemby SE (2006b) Two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis for comparative proteomics profiling. Nat Protoc 1:1732–1742
Thiery JP, Brackenbury R, Rutishauser U, Edelman GM (1977) Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. II. Purification and characterization of a cell adhesion molecule from neural retina. J Biol Chem 252:6841–6845
Turpin E, Russo-Marie F, Dubois T, de Paillerets C, Alfsen A, Bomsel M (1998) In adrenocortical tissue, annexins II and VI are attached to clathrin coated vesicles in a calcium-independent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta 1402:115–130
van Montfort BA, Canas B, Duurkens R, Godovac-Zimmermann J, Robillard GT (2002) Improved in-gel approaches to generate peptide maps of integral membrane proteins with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 37:322–330
Volkmer H, Leuschner R, Zacharias U, Rathjen FG (1996) Neurofascin induces neurites by heterophilic interactions with axonal NrCAM while NrCAM requires F11 on the axonal surface to extend neurites. J Cell Biol 135:1059–1069
Wang XX, Pfenninger KH (2006) Functional analysis of SIRPalpha in the growth cone. J Cell Sci 119:172–183
Wang P, Yang G, Mosier DR, Chang P, Zaidi T, Gong YD, Zhao NM, Dominguez B, Gan WB, Lee KF, Zheng H (2005) Defective neuromuscular synapses in mice lacking amyloid precursor protein (APP) and APP-like protein 2. J Neurosci 25:1219–1225
Wang B, Yang L, Wang Z, Zheng H (2007) Amyloid precursor protein mediates presynaptic localization and activity of the high-affinity choline transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:14140–14145
Wang Z, Wang B, Yang L, Guo Q, Aithmitti N, Songyang Z, Zheng H (2009) Presynaptic and postsynaptic interaction of the amyloid precursor protein promotes peripheral and central synaptogenesis. J Neurosci 29:10788–10801
Watanabe T, Inui M, Chen BY, Iga M, Sobue K (1994) Annexin VI-binding proteins in brain. Interaction of annexin VI with a membrane skeletal protein, calspectin (brain spectrin or fodrin). J Biol Chem 269:17656–17662
Wilm M (2009) Quantitative proteomics in biological research. Proteomics 9:4590–4605
Wilson DJ, Kim DS, Clarke GA, Marshall-Clarke S, Moss DJ (1996) A family of glycoproteins (GP55), which inhibit neurite outgrowth, are members of the Ig superfamily and are related to OBCAM, neurotrimin, LAMP and CEPU-1. J Cell Sci 109:3129–3138
Wolfe MS, Guénette SY (2007) APP at a glance. J Cell Sci 120:3157–3161
Yamaguchi F, Yamaguchi K, Tai Y, Sugimoto K, Tokuda M (2001) Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel phospholemman-like protein from rat hippocampus. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 86:189–192
Yang l, Wang B, Long C, Wu G, Zheng H (2007) Increased asynchronous release and aberrant calcium channel activity in amyloid precursor protein deficient neuromuscular synapses. Neurosci 149:768–778
Yap CC, Wisco D, Kujala P, Lasiecka ZM, Cannon JT, Chang MC, Hirling H, Klumperman J, Winckler B (2008) The somatodendritic endosomal regulator NEEP21 facilitates axonal targeting of L1/NgCAM. J Cell Biol 180:827–842
Yaron A, Huang PH, Cheng HJ, Tessier-Lavigne M (2005) Differential requirement for plexin-A3 and -A4 in mediating responses of sensory and sympathetic neurons to distinct class 3 semaphorins. Neuron 45:513–523
Yates JR, Gilchrist A, Howell KE, Bergeron JJ (2005) Proteomics of organelles and large cellular structures. Natl Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:702–714
Yoon IS, Pietrzik CU, Kang DE, Koo EH (2005) Sequences from the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) cytoplasmic domain enhance amyloid beta protein production via the beta-secretase pathway without altering amyloid precursor protein/LRP nuclear signaling. J Biol Chem 20(280):20140–20147
Zonta B, Desmazieres A, Rinaldi A, Tait S, Sherman DL, Nolan MF, Brophy PJ (2011) A critical role for Neurofascin in regulating action potential initiation through maintenance of the axon initial segment. Neuron 69:945–956
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Volknandt, W., Karas, M. Proteomic analysis of the presynaptic active zone. Exp Brain Res 217, 449–461 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3031-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3031-x