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Supercritical fluid extraction of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds from Laurus nobilis L. Chemical and functional characterization

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Abstract

Extraction of laurel leaves by using supercritical carbon dioxide was carried out on a supercritical fluid (SF) pilot-scale plant. The extraction pressure and temperature were set to 250 bar and 60°C, respectively, using a 4% of ethanol as modifier. The employed apparatus, owing to a two-stage separation, allowed us to obtain two different fractions (F1 and F2), whose antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated. Two different methods, β-carotene bleaching test and DPPH• free radical–scavenging assay, were carried out to determine the antioxidant activity. Moreover, antimicrobial activity of laurel fractions was tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Escherichia coli ATCC 11775, Candida albicans ATCC 60193 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentration (MBC) were obtained. Both fractions showed a similar antioxidant activity, although it was slightly higher for the fraction recovered in separator 2. However, antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested was only found when fraction 2 was used. Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive microorganism to this fraction, with maximal inhibition zones (25 mm) and the lowest MBC values (1.25 mg/ml), whereas the least susceptible was the fungi Aspergillus niger. In order to determine the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity, fraction 2 was analysed by GC–MS; results obtained showed that most of the compounds identified in the supercritical extract have been previously described to show antimicrobial activity; among them, the major compound found in the supercritical extract corresponded to a sesquiterpene lactone of the germacrolide type (6-epi-desacetyllaurenobiolide) previously described in laurel.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by CICYT projects (AGL2004-C02-01 and AGL2004-C02-02). The authors thank Dr. Jesus Sanz for his kind help in the acquisition of the MS spectra and his helpful discussions. R. Lloría thanks the CSIC for her grant

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sección Departamental Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    S. Santoyo, R. Lloría, L. Jaime, F. J. Señoráns & G. Reglero

  2. Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    E. Ibañez

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  1. S. Santoyo
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  2. R. Lloría
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  3. L. Jaime
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  4. E. Ibañez
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  5. F. J. Señoráns
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  6. G. Reglero
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Correspondence to S. Santoyo.

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Santoyo, S., Lloría, R., Jaime, L. et al. Supercritical fluid extraction of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds from Laurus nobilis L. Chemical and functional characterization. Eur Food Res Technol 222, 565–571 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-0027-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-0027-9

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