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Facile immobilization of cholesterol oxidase on Pt,Ru–C nanocomposite and ionic liquid–modified carbon paste electrode for an efficient amperometric free cholesterol biosensing

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Abstract

In present work, the enzyme cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was immobilized by Nafion® (Naf) on Pt,Ru–C nanocomposite and an ionic liquid (IL)–modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) in order to create cholesterol biosensor (Naf/ChOx/Pt,Ru–C/IL-CPE). The prepared working electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry, while their electrochemical performance was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopic, cyclic voltammetric, and amperometric techniques. Excellent synergism between IL 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([AMIM][DCA]), Pt,Ru–C, and ChOx, as modifiers of CPE, offers the most pronounced analytical performance for improved cholesterol amperometric determination in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.50 at a working potential of 0.60 V. Under optimized experimental conditions, a linear relationship between oxidation current and cholesterol concentration was found for the range from 0.31 to 2.46 µM, with an estimated detection limit of 0.13 µM and relative standard deviation (RSD) below 5.5%. The optimized amperometric method in combination with the developed Naf/ChOx/Pt,Ru–C/IL-CPE biosensor showed good repeatability and high selectivity towards cholesterol biosensing. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied to determine free cholesterol in a human blood serum sample via its enzymatic reaction product hydrogen peroxide despite the presence of possible interferences. The percentage recovery ranged from 99.08 to 102.81%, while RSD was below 2.0% for the unspiked as well as the spiked human blood serum sample. The obtained results indicated excellent accuracy and precision of the method, concluding that the developed biosensor can be a promising alternative to existing commercial cholesterol tests used in medical practice.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is dedicated to the memory of our wonderful colleague and Professor Dr. Valéria Guzsvány in remembrance of her great effort and conceptualization of this work.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

Funding

The authors received financial support from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (Grant No. 451–03-47/2023–01/200125) and CEEPUSIII (CZ-0212–16-2223) network.‬‬‬‬‬‬

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Sanja Mutić & Jasmina Anojčić

  2. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Dalibor Stanković

  3. Department of Radioisotopes, ”Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Dalibor Stanković

  4. Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary

    Zoltán Kónya

  5. ELKH-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla Tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary

    Zoltán Kónya

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Mutić, S., Stanković, D., Kónya, Z. et al. Facile immobilization of cholesterol oxidase on Pt,Ru–C nanocomposite and ionic liquid–modified carbon paste electrode for an efficient amperometric free cholesterol biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 415, 5709–5722 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04847-9

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