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Determination of the polyphenolic content of berry juices using focusing-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection

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Abstract

In this work, a comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography system, comprised of a ZIC-HILIC and C18 columns in the first and second dimensions, respectively, was tuned and employed for attaining high resolution profiles of the polyphenolic pattern in seven commercial berry juices. The developed HILIC × RP-LC method was validated in terms of linearity range, correlation coefficients, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision (intra- and inter-day), and recovery. A total of 104 polyphenolic compounds belonging to different chemical classes (hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives, flavone glycosides, flavonols, flavonol glycosides, dihydroflavonols, and anthocyanin glycosides) have been characterized and quantified in the juices investigated. Despite the constituents being similar, a notable quantitative variation among the analyzed berry species was observed. Elderberry contained the highest amount of polyphenols (918 ± 1.10 mg 100 mL−1), followed by chokeberry (516 ± 0.08 mg 100 mL−1). On the other hand, raspberry contained the lowest amount (104 ± 1.21 mg 100 mL−1). Further, total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents were determined spectrophotometrically, yielding consistent results. The free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH test) and reducing power of the juices, expressed as IC50 (μL mL−1) and mg ASE mL−1, varied from 2.79 ± 0.03 (honeyberry) to 31.66 ± 0.02 (blueberry) and from 1.71 ± 0.01 (blueberry) to 8.89 ± 0.12 (chokeberry), respectively. Such a ZIC-HILIC × C18 platform based on focusing modulation, never employed so far for berry juices, showed a remarkable separation capability with high values of corrected peak capacity (up to 1372) and orthogonality (Ao up to 0.80), thus providing a great applicability to be advantageously employed for other complex food samples.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Shimadzu and Merck Life Science Corporations for the continuous support. The authors thank Anna Różańska of the Gdansk University of Technology for the supply of the samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy

    Katia Arena, Natalizia Miceli, Maria Fernanda Taviano, Emilia Cavò, Paola Dugo & Luigi Mondello

  2. Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy

    Francesco Cacciola

  3. Kroungold Analytical, Inc, Glengarriff, P75 C427, Cork, Ireland

    Robert E. Murphy

  4. Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy

    Paola Dugo & Luigi Mondello

  5. Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy

    Luigi Mondello

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  1. Katia Arena
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Correspondence to Francesco Cacciola.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest. Luigi Mondello is editor of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry but was not involved in the peer review of this paper.

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Published in the topical collection Comprehensive 2D Chromatography with guest editors Peter Q. Tranchida and Luigi Mondello.

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Arena, K., Cacciola, F., Miceli, N. et al. Determination of the polyphenolic content of berry juices using focusing-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 415, 2371–2382 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04216-y

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