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A natural deep eutectic solvent as a novel dispersive solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of pesticide residues

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Abstract

Current trends in analytical chemistry encourage the use of innocuous solvents to develop modern methods aligned with green chemistry. In this sense, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have emerged as a novel generation of green solvents which can be employed in sample treatments as an alternative to the toxic organic solvents commonly used so far. In this work, a new extraction method employs dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on a solid floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO), by using a mixture composed of a less dense than water extraction solvent, 1-dodecanol, and a novel dispersive solvent, NADES. The methodology was proposed to extract and preconcentrate some pesticide residues (fipronil, fipronil-sulfide, fipronil-sulfone, and boscalid) from environmental water and white wine samples before analysis by liquid-chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Limits of quantification (LOQs) lower than 4.5 μg L−1, recoveries above 80%, and precision, expressed as RSD, below 15% were achieved in both samples showing that the proposed method is a powerful, efficient, and green alternative for the determination of these compounds and, therefore, demonstrating a new application for NADES in sample preparation. In addition, the DLLME-SFOD-HPLC-UV method was evaluated and compared with other reported approaches using the Analytical GREEnness metric approach, which highlighted the greenness of the proposed method.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the partial financial support to this project from University of Granada, CONICET, FONCyT, and Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. LCR thanks the Mobility Program between Andalusian and Iberoamerican Universities from the Iberoamerican Association of Postgraduate Universities (AUIP, 2019). The authors extend their appreciation to Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for granting the Spanish Network of Excellence in Sample preparation (RED2018-102522-T). This article is based upon work from the Sample Preparation Task Force and Network, supported by the Division of Analytical Chemistry of the European Chemical Society.

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  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Laura Carbonell-Rozas, Francisco J. Lara & Ana M. García-Campaña

  2. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina

    Romina Canales & María Fernanda Silva

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  1. Laura Carbonell-Rozas
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Carbonell-Rozas, L., Canales, R., Lara, F.J. et al. A natural deep eutectic solvent as a novel dispersive solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of pesticide residues. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 6413–6424 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03605-z

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