Abstract
A simple, efficient, green, and organic solventless dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure was developed to determine Co(II) and Ni(II) ions in water and fruit juice samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In this study, for the first time, both of dispersive and extraction solvents of the method are deep eutectic solvents. Therefore, it is performed without using any organic solvent. The dispersive solvent is composed of choline chloride and butyric acid at a molar ratio of 1:2. The solvent prepared from a mixture of choline chloride and phenylacetic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2 is acted as an extraction solvent. Effect of various analytical parameters such as constituents and molar ratios of dispersive and extraction solvents, volume of the synthesized solvents, temperature, ionic strength, and pH of sample solution on extraction efficiency of the method were investigated and optimized. After optimization of the method, good linearity in the ranges of 0.29–40 μg L−1 and 0.5–40 μg L−1 with coefficients of determination of 0.9919 and 0.9976 was obtained for Co(II) and Ni(II), respectively. Low limits of detection were obtained for Co(II) and Ni(II) (0.10 and 0.17 μg L−1, respectively). The extraction recoveries of the analytes were 95.4% and 92.8% for Co(II) and Ni(II), respectively. To investigate validity of the method, SPS-WW2 as a certificate reference material was analyzed with the proposed method. Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine Co(II) and Ni(II) ions in different water and fruit juice samples.
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Abbreviations
- ChCl:
-
Choline chloride
- CRM:
-
Certified reference material
- DES:
-
Deep eutectic solvent
- DLLME:
-
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
- ER:
-
Extraction recovery
- FAAS:
-
Flame atomic absorption spectrometry
- HBA:
-
Hydrogen bond acceptor
- HBD:
-
Hydrogen bond donor
- LOD:
-
Limit of detection
- LOQ:
-
Limit of quantification
- RSD:
-
Relative standard deviation
- SDDTC:
-
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
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Ali Mohammadzadeh Baghaei, P., Sorouraddin, S.M., Farajzadeh, M.A. et al. Organic solventless dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvents as extraction and dispersive solvents; application for the extraction of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions from water and juice samples. J IRAN CHEM SOC 20, 339–349 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02662-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02662-0