Gustavsson L. Phosphatidylethanol formation: specific effects of ethanol mediated via phospholipase D. Alcohol Alcohol. 1995;30:391–406.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Isaksson A, Walther L, Hansson T, et al. Phosphatidylethanol in blood (B-PEth): a marker for alcohol use and abuse. Drug Test Anal. 2011;3:195–200.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Viel G, Boscolo-Berto R, Cecchetto G, et al. Phosphatidylethanol in blood as a marker of chronic alcohol use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13:14788–812.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Helander A, Zheng Y. Molecular species of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol in human blood measured by LC-MS. Clin Chem. 2009;55:1395–405.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Gnann H, Engelmann C, Skopp G, et al. Identification of 48 homologues of phosphatidylethanol in blood by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010;396:2415–23.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Hansson P, Caron M, Johnson G, et al. Blood phosphatidylethanol as a marker of alcohol abuse: levels in alcoholic males during withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997;21:108–10.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Varga A, Hansson P, Lundqvist C, et al. Phosphatidylethanol in blood as a marker of ethanol consumption in healthy volunteers: comparison with other markers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998;22:1832–7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marques P, Hansson T, Isaksson A, et al. Detection of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in the blood of drivers in an alcohol ignition interlock program. Traffic Inj Prev. 2011;12:136–41.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Gunnarsson T, Karlsson A, Hansson P, et al. Determination of phosphatidylethanol in blood from alcoholic males using high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering or electrospray mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998;705:243–9.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Aradottir S, Olsson BL. Methodological modifications on quantification of phosphatidylethanol in blood from humans abusing alcohol, using high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection. BMC Biochem. 2005;6:18.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zheng Y, Beck O, Helander A. Method development for routine liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in blood. Clin Chim Acta. 2011;412:1428–35.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Varga A, Alling C. Formation of phosphatidylethanol in vitro in red blood cells from healthy volunteers and chronic alcoholics. J Lab Clin Med. 2002;140:79–83.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Hill-Kapturczak N, Dougherty DM, Roache JD, et al. Differences in the synthesis and elimination of phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after acute doses of alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018;42:851–60.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Javors MA, Hill-Kapturczak N, Roache JD, et al. Characterization of the pharmacokinetics of phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 in human whole blood after alcohol consumption in a clinical laboratory study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016;40:1228–34.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Schrock A, Thierauf-Emberger A, Schurch S, et al. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) detected in blood for 3 to 12 days after single consumption of alcohol-a drinking study with 16 volunteers. Int J Legal Med. 2017;131:153–60.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Helander A, Hansson T. National harmonization of the alcohol biomarker PEth. Läkartidningen. 2013;110:1747–8.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ulwelling W, Smith K. The PEth blood test in the security environment: what it is; why it is important; and interpretative guidelines. J Forensic Sci. 2018;63:1634–40.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Aradottir S, Asanovska G, Gjerss S, et al. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) concentrations in blood are correlated to reported alcohol intake in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006;41:431–7.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Helander A, Hermansson U, Beck O. Dose-response characteristics of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) - a study of outpatients in treatment for reduced drinking. Alcohol Alcohol. 2019;54:567–73.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Helander A, Böttcher M, Dahmen N, et al. Elimination characteristics of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in blood during alcohol detoxification. Alcohol Alcohol. 2019;54:251–7.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Aradottir S, Seidl S, Wurst FM, et al. Phosphatidylethanol in human organs and blood: a study on autopsy material and influences by storage conditions. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004;28:1718–23.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Faller A, Richter B, Kluge M, et al. Stability of phosphatidylethanol species in spiked and authentic whole blood and matching dried blood spots. Int J Legal Med. 2013;127:603–10.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Schrock A, Henzi A, Butikofer P, et al. Determination of the formation rate of phosphatidylethanol by phospholipase D (PLD) in blood and test of two selective PLD inhibitors. Alcohol. 2018;73:1–7.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Skråstad RB, Spigset O, Aamo TO, et al. Stability of phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 in freshly drawn, authentic samples from healthy volunteers. J Anal Toxicol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaa082.
Faller A, Richter B, Kluge M, et al. LC-MS/MS analysis of phosphatidylethanol in dried blood spots versus conventional blood specimens. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011;401:1163–6.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Enderle Y, Foerster K, Burhenne J. Clinical feasibility of dried blood spots: analytics, validation, and applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2016;130:231–43.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Beck O, Kenan Moden N, Seferaj S, et al. Study of measurement of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in dried blood spot (DBS) samples and application of a volumetric DBS device. Clin Chim Acta. 2018;479:38–42.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Jones J, Jones M, Plate C, et al. The detection of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol in human dried blood samples. Anal Meth. 2011;3:1101–6.
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Bakhireva LN, Savich RD, Raisch DW, et al. The feasibility and cost of neonatal screening for prenatal alcohol exposure by measuring phosphatidylethanol in dried blood spots. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013;37:1008–15.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Kummer N, Ingels AS, Wille SM, et al. Quantification of phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1, 18:1/18:1, and 16:0/16:0 in venous blood and venous and capillary dried blood spots from patients in alcohol withdrawal and control volunteers. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016;408:825–38.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Van Uytfanghe K, del Mar Ramirez Fernandez M, De Vos A, et al. Quantitation of phosphatideylethanol in dried blood after volumetric absorptive microsampling. Talanta. 2021;223:121694.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Stenton J, Walther L, Hansson T, et al. Inter individual variation and factors regulating the formation of phosphatidylethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019;43:2322–31.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ullah S, Helander A, Beck O. Identification and quantitation of phosphatidylethanols in oral fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017;55:1332–9.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Luginbuhl M, Gaugler S, Weinmann W. Fully automated determination of phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 in dried blood spots. J Anal Toxicol. 2019;43:489–96.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Davies DR, Interthal H, Champoux JJ, et al. Insights into substrate binding and catalytic mechanism of human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (Tdp1) from vanadate and tungstate-inhibited structures. J Mol Biol. 2002;324:917–32.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Walther L, de Bejczy A, Lof E, et al. Phosphatidylethanol is superior to carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase as an alcohol marker and is a reliable estimate of alcohol consumption level. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015;39:2200–8.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Aradottir S, Moller K, Alling C. Phosphatidylethanol formation and degradation in human and rat blood. Alcohol Alcohol. 2004;39:8–13.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Neumann J, Beck O, Helander A, et al. Performance of PEth compared with other alcohol biomarkers in subjects presenting for occupational and pre-employment medical examination. Alcohol Alcohol. 2020;55:401–8.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Helander A, Beck O, Jones AW. Laboratory testing for recent alcohol consumption: comparison of ethanol, methanol, and 5-hydroxytryptophol. Clin Chem. 1996;42:618–24.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Kugelberg FC, Jones AW. Interpreting results of ethanol analysis in postmortem specimens: a review of the literature. Forensic Sci Int. 2007;165:10–29.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Spooner N, Olatunji A, Webbley K. Investigation of the effect of blood hematocrit and lipid content on the blood volume deposited by a disposable dried blood spot collection device. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018;149:419–24.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Moat SJ, Schulenburg-Brand D, Lemonde H, et al. Performance of laboratory tests used to measure blood phenylalanine for the monitoring of patients with phenylketonuria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2020;43:179–88.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar