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Impact of aminated carbon quantum dots as a novel co-reactant for Ru(bpy)32+: resolving specific electrochemiluminescence for butein detection

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Abstract

Development of novel nanomaterial-based co-reactant is highly desired for enhancing ECL intensity and widespread analytical applications. Herein, we report the distinct role of amine-functionalized carbon quantum dots (f-CQDs) as a co-reactant, for the first time, augmenting the ECL property of Ru(bpy)32+ and demonstrating for biopharmaceutical (butein) detection. Unlike conventional co-reactants like tripropylamine (TPrA), 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE), and pristine CQDs, the f-CQDs as a co-reactant yield superior ECL of Ru(bpy)32+. More importantly, the ECL intensity is independent of types of noble metals, metal oxide surfaces, and dissolved oxygen. Notably, the ECL intensity of Ru(bpy)32+–f-CQDs is linearly quenched with an increased concentration of butein, whereas no changes were observed with conventional co-reactants. ECL functionality of Ru(bpy)32+–f-CQDs has no interference with other similar phytochemicals and antioxidants. Enhanced selectivity is observed due to the formation of polyaminoquinone-like structures, which is confirmed by in situ spectroelectrochemical (UV–vis) and FT-IR studies. The present result envisaged that f-CQDs could be an alternative co-reactant for TPrA/DBAE, raising the ECL of Ru(bpy)32+ suitable for analytical studies.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the Joint CSIR-UGC for Senior Research Fellowship (to G.K. and C.V.R.) and by the Department of Science and Technology (EMR/2017/004449) (to S.S.K.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India

    Gopi Kalaiyarasan, Chikkili Venkateswara Raju, Murugan Veerapandian, Shanmugam Senthil Kumar & James Joseph

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR–CECRI Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India

    Gopi Kalaiyarasan, Chikkili Venkateswara Raju, Murugan Veerapandian, Shanmugam Senthil Kumar & James Joseph

Authors
  1. Gopi Kalaiyarasan
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  2. Chikkili Venkateswara Raju
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  3. Murugan Veerapandian
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  4. Shanmugam Senthil Kumar
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  5. James Joseph
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Correspondence to Shanmugam Senthil Kumar or James Joseph.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

This study involves the use of human serum samples collected at the CSIR-CECRI Health Center, Karaikudi, from different patient volunteers. Verbal consents of all volunteers were obtained by a clinician (Dr. Raja Vijayakumar, MBBS, Full-Time Medical Officer, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi) and a medical lab technician (Mr. R. Venkatesh, B.Sc., CMLT (Certificate Course in Medical Laboratory Technology)). Serum samples were exclusively used for validation of the developed method. The study was performed with prior approval of head of the institution, CSIR-CECRI, as per ethical standards.

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Kalaiyarasan, G., Raju, C.V., Veerapandian, M. et al. Impact of aminated carbon quantum dots as a novel co-reactant for Ru(bpy)32+: resolving specific electrochemiluminescence for butein detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 412, 539–546 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-02305-z

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