Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development of a novel ultrasonic-assisted magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of mirtazapine and its metabolites in human urine and water samples employing experimental design

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ultrasonic-assisted magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography has been developed for extraction and determination of mirtazapine, N-desmethyl mirtazapine, and 8-hydroxy mirtazapine in human urine and water samples. Magnetic graphene oxide–polyaniline nanocomposite (MGOPA) as a novel SPME sorbent was synthesized and used for the microextraction process. The analytical performance of MGOPA was compared with magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite and indicated that the new sorbent was quite effective for extraction of mirtazapine, N-desmethyl mirtazapine, and 8-hydroxy mirtazapine. A two-stage experimental design approach, Plackett-Burman screening design and Box-Behnken optimization design, was used for screening and optimizing of significant variables in the microextraction process. The practical applicability of the proposed method was assessed by studying the linearity, intra-day and inter-day accuracy, enrichment factor, and precision. This method can be satisfactorily applied to the determination of mirtazapine and its metabolites in human urine and environmental water samples.

Magnetic graphene oxide–polyaniline nanocomposite

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Brooks BW, Chambliss CK, Stanley JK, Ramirez A, Banks KE, Johnson RD, et al. Determination of select antidepressants in fish from an effluent‐dominated stream. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2005;24(2):464–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Stanley JK, Ramirez AJ, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW. Enantiospecific sublethal effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine to a model aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate. Chemosphere. 2007;69(1):9–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Alawi M, Alahmad W. Simultaneous determination of some pharmaceuticals in hospital effluents using HPLC with UV and fluorescence detectors. Jordan J Pharm Sci. 2012;5(1).

  4. Ghorbani M, Chamsaz M, Rounaghi GH. Ultrasound‐assisted magnetic dispersive solid‐phase microextraction: a novel approach for the rapid and efficient microextraction of naproxen and ibuprofen employing experimental design with high‐performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci. 2016;39(6):1082–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Giorgi M, Yun H. Pharmacokinetics of mirtazapine and its main metabolites in Beagle dogs: a pilot study. Vet J. 2012;192(2):239–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Timmer CJ, Sitsen JA, Delbressine LP. Clinical pharmacokinetics of mirtazapine. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000;38(6):461–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Timmer C, Paanakker J, Van Hal H. Pharmacokinetics of mirtazapine from orally administered tablets: influence of gender, age, and treatment regimen. Hum Psychopharm Clin. 1996;11(6):497–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Brockmöller J, Meineke I, Kirchheiner J. Pharmacokinetics of mirtazapine: enantioselective effects of the CYP2D6 ultra rapid metabolizer genotype and correlation with adverse effects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;81(5):699–707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Enggaard TP, Mikkelsen SS, Zwisler ST, Klitgaard NA, Sindrup SH. The effects of gabapentin in human experimental pain models. Scand J Pain. 2010;1(3):143–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Deng H, Teo AKL, Gao Z. An interference-free glucose biosensor based on a novel low potential redox polymer mediator. Sensor Actuat B Chem. 2014;191:522–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Allafchian AR, Majidian Z, Ielbeigi V, Tabrizchi M. A novel method for the determination of three volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath by solid-phase microextraction–ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016;408(3):839–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Saraji M, Jafari MT, Sherafatmand H. Sol–gel/nanoclay composite as a solid-phase microextraction fiber coating for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2015;407(4):1241–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Feng J, Sun M, Bu Y, Luo C. Development of a functionalized polymeric ionic liquid monolith for solid-phase microextraction of polar endocrine disrupting chemicals in aqueous samples coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2015;407(23):7025–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ghorbani M, Chamsaz M, Rounaghi GH. Glycine functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes as a novel hollow fiber solid-phase microextraction sorbent for preconcentration of venlafaxine and o-desmethylvenlafaxine in biological and water samples prior to determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016;408(16):4247–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Mahpishanian S, Sereshti H. Graphene oxide-based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction for separation and preconcentration of nicotine from biological and environmental water samples followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Talanta. 2014;130:71–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Daneshvar Tarigh G, Shemirani F. Development of a selective and pH-independent method for the analysis of ultra trace amounts of nitrite in environmental water samples after dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction by spectrofluorimetry. Talanta. 2014;128:354–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wen Y, Niu Z, Ma Y, Ma J, Chen L. Graphene oxide-based microspheres for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of non-steroidal estrogens from water samples. J Chromatogr A. 2014;1368:18–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Xue X, Yang D, Wang D, Xu X, Zhu L, Zhao Z. Solidification of floating organic drop liquid‐phase microextraction cell fishing with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for screening bioactive components from Amomum villosum Lour. Biomed Chromatogr. 2015;29(4):626–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Du D, Wang L, Shao Y, Wang J, Engelhard MH, Lin Y. Functionalized graphene oxide as a nanocarrier in a multienzyme labeling amplification strategy for ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay of phosphorylated p53 (S392). Anal Chem. 2011;83(3):746–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu Y, Deng R, Wang Z, Liu H. Carboxyl-functionalized graphene oxide–polyaniline composite as a promising supercapacitor material. J Mater Chem. 2012;22(27):13619–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Abedi H, Ebrahimzadeh H. Electromembrane‐surrounded solid‐phase microextraction coupled to ion mobility spectrometry for the determination of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: a rapid screening method in complicated matrices. J Sep Sci. 2015;38(8):1358–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ebrahimzadeh H, Yamini Y, Kamarei F. Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography for the analysis of nitroaromatic compounds in water. Talanta. 2009;79(5):1472–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang J, Liang Z, Li S, Li Y, Peng B, Zhou W, et al. In-situ metathesis reaction combined with ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the determination of phenylurea pesticides in water samples. Talanta. 2012;98:145–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ferreira SC, Bruns R, Ferreira H, Matos G, David J, Brandao G, et al. Box-Behnken design: an alternative for the optimization of analytical methods. Anal Chim Acta. 2007;597(2):179–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Khodadoust S, Ghaedi M, Hadjmohammadi M. Dispersive nano solid material-ultrasound assisted microextraction as a novel method for extraction and determination of bendiocarb and promecarb: response surface methodology. Talanta. 2013;116:637–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge support of this research by the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran (no.3/32789 dated 12/21/2014).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Mahdi Ghorbani, Mahmoud Chamsaz & Gholam Hossein Rounaghi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

    Mohsen Aghamohammadhasani, Orkideh Seyedin & Nahid Afshar Lahoori

Authors
  1. Mahdi Ghorbani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mahmoud Chamsaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gholam Hossein Rounaghi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohsen Aghamohammadhasani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Orkideh Seyedin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Nahid Afshar Lahoori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahmoud Chamsaz.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The study has been carried out in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

The human urine samples were collected from voluntary donors with their informed consent.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(PDF 236 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghorbani, M., Chamsaz, M., Rounaghi, G.H. et al. Development of a novel ultrasonic-assisted magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of mirtazapine and its metabolites in human urine and water samples employing experimental design. Anal Bioanal Chem 408, 7719–7729 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9869-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9869-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation