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Determination of triazine herbicides in fresh vegetables by dynamic microwave-assisted extraction coupled with homogeneous ionic liquid microextraction high performance liquid chromatography

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Abstract

A novel extraction method, dynamic microwave-assisted extraction coupled with homogeneous ionic liquid microextraction, was developed for the determination of triazine herbicides, including desmetryn, terbumeton, propazine, terbuthylazine, dimethametryn, and dipropetryn in fresh vegetable samples by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the developed method, 120 μL of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4MIM][BF4]) was added to 10 mL of aqueous solution containing 0.3 g of NaCl to obtained the extraction solvent. Six triazines could be extracted completely within 4 min by the present method. Then, [NH4][PF6] was added into the extract to form a water-insoluble ionic liquid [C4MIM][PF6] via a simple metathesis reaction, and the analytes were enriched into the ionic liquid phase. After centrifugation and dilution with acetonitrile, the resulting solution was analyzed directly by HPLC. The effects of some experimental parameters, including type and volume of ionic liquid, volume of extraction solvent, amount of ion-pairing agent [NH4][PF6], salt concentration, microwave power, and flow rate of extraction solvent on the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linearity for determining the analytes was in the range of 2.50–250.00 μg kg−1, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9989 to 0.9999. When the present method was applied to the analysis of vegetable samples, satisfactory recoveries were obtained in the range of 76.8 %–106.9 %, and relative standard deviations were lower than 9.8 %.

Extraction procedure of triazines from vegetable sample

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 20905030) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (no. 20090461039).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China

    Lijie Wu, Mingzhu Hu, Zhanchao Li, Ying Song, Hanqi Zhang, Aimin Yu & Ziming Wang

  2. School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Yanching Institute of Technology, Langfang, 065201, China

    Cui Yu

  3. Jilin Province Tobacco Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Station, Changchun, 130062, China

    Yupu Zhang

  4. Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100123, China

    Qiang Ma

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  1. Lijie Wu
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  2. Mingzhu Hu
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Correspondence to Ziming Wang.

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Wu, L., Hu, M., Li, Z. et al. Determination of triazine herbicides in fresh vegetables by dynamic microwave-assisted extraction coupled with homogeneous ionic liquid microextraction high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 407, 1753–1762 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8393-4

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