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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction in food analysis. A critical review

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Abstract

An extensive critical evaluation of the application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with chromatographic and atomic-spectroscopic methods for the determination of organic and inorganic compounds is presented. The review emphasizes the procedures used for the prior treatment of food samples, which are very different from the DLLME procedures generally proposed for water samples. The main contribution of this work in the field of DLLME reviews is its critical review of the abundant literature showing the increasing interest and practical advantages of using DLLME and closely related microextraction techniques for food analysis.

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Abbreviations

DAD:

Diode-array detection

DLLME:

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

FLD:

Fluorescence detection

GC:

Gas chromatography

HF-LPME:

Hollow-fiber-supported liquid-phase microextraction

IAC:

Immunoaffinity column

I-DLLME:

Inverted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

IL:

Ionic liquid

LC:

Liquid chromatography

LLE:

Liquid–liquid extraction

LOD:

Detection limit

LPME:

Liquid-phase microextraction

MAE:

Microwave-assisted extraction

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MS/MS:

Tandem mass spectrometry

QuEChERS:

Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe

RP-DLLME:

Reversed phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

RP-LC:

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography

SDME:

Single-drop microextraction

SFE:

Supercritical fluid extraction

SFO:

Solidification of the floating organic drop

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

SPME:

Solid-phase microextraction

UA-DLLME:

Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

UALLME:

Ultrasound-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction

UASEME:

Ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced microextraction

UHPLC:

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography

USAEME:

Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction

UV:

Ultraviolet

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge financial support from the Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia (Fundación Séneca projects 15217/PI/10 and 11796/PI/09), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CTQ2012-34772), and the European Commission (FEDER/ERDF).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, P.O. Box 4021, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Pilar Viñas, Natalia Campillo, Ignacio López-García & Manuel Hernández-Córdoba

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  1. Pilar Viñas
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  2. Natalia Campillo
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  3. Ignacio López-García
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  4. Manuel Hernández-Córdoba
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pilar Viñas.

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Published in the topical collection Microextraction Techniques with guest editors Miguel Valcárcel Cases, Soledad Cárdenas Aranzana and Rafael Lucena Rodríguez.

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Viñas, P., Campillo, N., López-García, I. et al. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction in food analysis. A critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 406, 2067–2099 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7344-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7344-9

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