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Retention mechanism assessment and method development for the analysis of iohexol and its related compounds in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

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Abstract

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) has emerged in recent years as a valuable alternative to reversed-phase liquid chromatography in the analysis of polar compounds. Research in HILIC is divided into two directions: the assessment of the retention mechanism and retention behavior, and the development of HILIC methods. In this work, four polar neutral analytes (iohexol and its related compounds A, B, and C) were analyzed on two silica and two diol columns in HILIC mode with the aim to investigate thoroughly the retention mechanisms and retention behavior of polar neutral compounds on these four columns. The adsorption and partition contribution to the overall HILIC retention mechanism was investigated by fitting the retention data to linear (adsorption and partition) and nonlinear (mixed-retention and quadratic) theoretical models. On the other hand, the establishment of empirical second-order polynomial retention models on the basis of D-optimal design made possible the estimation of the simultaneous influence of several mobile-phase-related factors. Furthermore, these models were also used as the basis for the application of indirect modeling of the selectivity factor and a grid point search approach in order to achieve the optimal separation of analytes. After the optimization goals had been set, the grids were searched and the optimal conditions were identified. Finally, the optimized method was subjected to validation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia for supporting these investigations in project 172052.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Marko Jovanović, Tijana Rakić, Biljana Jančić-Stojanović & Darko Ivanović

  2. Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Mirjana Medenica

Authors
  1. Marko Jovanović
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  2. Tijana Rakić
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  3. Biljana Jančić-Stojanović
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  4. Darko Ivanović
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Correspondence to Biljana Jančić-Stojanović.

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Jovanović, M., Rakić, T., Jančić-Stojanović, B. et al. Retention mechanism assessment and method development for the analysis of iohexol and its related compounds in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 406, 4217–4232 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-7808-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-7808-6

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