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Preparation of imidazole-functionalized silica by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and its application for hydrophilic interaction chromatography

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Abstract

A novel imidazole-functionalized stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) was prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). 1-Vinylimidazole as a monomer was polymerized on the surface of initiator-immobilized silica by SI-ATRP using CuCl and 2,2′-bipyridyl as a catalyst. The graft chain length and polymer grafting density were controlled by varying the ratio of monomer to initiator. The resulting materials were characterized by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Then, high-performance liquid chromatography separation of eight nucleobases/nucleosides was performed on the imidazole-functionalized chromatographic column in HILIC mode. The effects of mobile phase composition, buffer pH, and column temperature on the separation of nucleobases/nucleosides were investigated, and the retention mechanisms were studied. Chromatographic parameters were calculated, and the results showed that surface adsorption through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction dominated the retention behavior of the solutes in HILIC mode. Lastly, the stationary phase was successfully used to determine the nucleobases and nucleosides from Cordyceps militaris.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support of this work by the National Scientific Foundation in China (201065008), the Ministry of Science and Technology (2009BAI72B11), and the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia University (ZR1103) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Energy & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China

    Lei Zhang, Xiaojun Dai, Fei Xu, Fuqiang Wang & Bolin Gong

  2. Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’ an, 710069, China

    Yinmao Wei

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  1. Lei Zhang
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  2. Xiaojun Dai
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  3. Fei Xu
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  4. Fuqiang Wang
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  5. Bolin Gong
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Correspondence to Bolin Gong.

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Zhang, L., Dai, X., Xu, F. et al. Preparation of imidazole-functionalized silica by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and its application for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 404, 1477–1484 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6210-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6210-5

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