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Simultaneous sampling of volatile and non-volatile analytes in beer for fast fingerprinting by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

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Abstract

By gently bubbling nitrogen gas through beer, an effervescent beverage, both volatile and non-volatile compounds can be simultaneously sampled in the form of aerosol. This allows for fast (within seconds) fingerprinting by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) in both negative and positive ion mode, without the need for any sample pre-treatment such as degassing and dilution. Trace analytes such as volatile esters (e.g., ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate), free fatty acids (e.g., caproic acid, caprylic acid, and capric acid), semi/non-volatile organic/inorganic acids (e.g., lactic acid), and various amino acids, commonly present in beer at the low parts per million or at sub-ppm levels, were detected and identified based on tandem MS data. Furthermore, the appearance of solvent cluster ions in the mass spectra gives insight into the sampling and ionization mechanisms: aerosol droplets containing semi/non-volatile substances are thought to be generated via bubble bursting at the surface of the liquid; these neutral aerosol droplets then collide with the charged primary electrospray ionization droplets, followed by analyte extraction, desolvation, ionization, and MS detection. With principal component analysis, several beer samples were successfully differentiated. Therefore, the present study successfully extends the applicability of EESI-MS to the direct analysis of complex liquid samples with high gas content.

By gently bubbling nitrogen gas through beer, both volatile and non-volatile compounds can be simultaneously sampled in the form of aerosol for further analysis, allowing fast chemically fingerprinting using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS).

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Acknowledgements

Renato Zenobi and HuanWen Chen acknowledge financial support from the Sino-Swiss Science and Technology Cooperation (project no. IZL CZ2_123987).

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  1. Gerardo Gamez

    Present address: Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, EMPA, 3603, Thun, Switzerland

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland

    Liang Zhu, Gerardo Gamez, Wai Siang Law, Konstantin Chingin, Roman M. Balabin, Rui Wang & Renato Zenobi

  2. Applied Chemistry Department, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, 344000, China

    Zhong Hu, HuanWen Chen, ShuiPing Yang & TingTing Zhang

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Correspondence to HuanWen Chen or Renato Zenobi.

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Zhu, L., Hu, Z., Gamez, G. et al. Simultaneous sampling of volatile and non-volatile analytes in beer for fast fingerprinting by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 398, 405–413 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3945-8

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