Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Noninvasive and nondestructive NMR, Raman and XRF analysis of a Blaeu coloured map from the seventeenth century

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A complete multianalytical study of a hand-coloured map from the seventeenth century is presented. The pigments atacamite, massicot, minium, gypsum, carbon black and vermilion were determined by means of XRF and Raman spectroscopy. The state of conservation of the cellulosic support was monitored by means of unilateral NMR. The analysis was nondestructive and noninvasive, and thus several spectra were collected from the same areas, yielding more reliable results without damaging the artwork. The role of copper pigments in the oxidation processes observed in the cellulosic support is discussed, as well as the possible provenance of atacamite as a raw material instead of as a degradation product of malachite.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shen AG, Wang XH, Xie W, Shen J, Li HY, Liu ZA, Hu JM (2006) J Raman Spectrosc 37:230–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Benedetti D, Alessandri I, Bergese P, Bontempi E, Colombi P, Garipoli D, Pedrazzani R, Zanola P, Depero LE (2006) Microchim Acta 155:101–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Giakoumaki A, Osticioli I, Anglos D (2006) Appl Phys A 83:537–541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Andrikopoulos KS, Daniilia S, Roussel B, Janssens K (2006) J Raman Spectrosc 37:1026–1034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Adar F, IeBourdon G, Reffner J, Whitley A (2003) Spectroscopy 18:34–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Vandenabeele P, Castro K, Hargreaves M, Moens L, Madariaga JM, Edwards HGM (2007) Anal Chim Acta 588:108–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pérez-Alonso M, Castro K, Madariaga JM (2006) Anal Chim Acta 571:121–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Proietti N, Capitani D, Pedemonte E, Blümich B, Segre AL (2004) J Magn Reson 170:113–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Papageorgiou I, Liritzis I (2007) Archaeometry 49:795–813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Perez-Arantegui J, Resano M, Garcia-Ruiz E, Vanhaecke F, Roldan C, Ferrero J, Coll J (2008) Talanta 74:1271–1280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Castro K, Vandenabeele P, Rodríguez-Laso MD, Moens L, Madariaga JM (2004) Anal Bioanal Chem 379:674–683

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ferrer N, Vila A (2006) Anal Chim Acta 555:161–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Castro K, Pérez-Alonso M, Rodríguez-Laso MD, Etxebarria N, Madariaga JM (2007) Anal Bioanal Chem 387:847–860

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Manso M, Costa M, Carvalho ML (2007) Nucl Instrum Methods A 580:732–734

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Manso M, Carvalho ML (2007) J Anal Atom Spectrom 22:164–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lindgren ES (2000) X-Ray Spectrom 29(1):1–129 (special Issue on applying X-ray spectrometry to cultural heritage)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Schreiner M, Fruhmann B, Jembrih-Simburger D, Linke R (2004) Powder Diffr 19:3–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Blümich B, Anferova S, Sharma S, Segre AL, Federici C (2003) J Magn Reson 161:204–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Proietti N, Capitani D, Cozzolino S, Valentini M, Pedemonte E, Princi E, Vicini S, Segre AL (2006) J Phys Chem B 110:23719–23728

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Proietti N, Capitani D, Rossi E, Cozzolino S, Segre AL (2007) J Magn Reson 186:311–318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Capitani D, Segre AL, Attanasio D, Blicharska B, Focher B, Capretti G (1996) Tappi J 79:113–122

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Capitani D, Emanuele MC, Segre AL, Fanelli C, Fabbri AA, Attanasio D, Focher B, Capretti G (1998) Nord Pulp Pap Res J 13:95–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Keuning J (1973) In: Donkersloot-De Vrij YM (eds) Willem Jansz Blaeu: a biography and history of his work as a cartographer and publisher. Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Ltd., Amsterdam

  24. Magalhães T, von Bohlen A, Carvalho ML, Becker M (2006) Spectrochim Acta B 61:1185–1193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Manso M, Pessanha S, Carvalho ML (2006) Spectrochim Acta B 61:922–928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Castro K, Perez-Alonso M, Rodriguez-Laso MD, Fernandez LA, Madariaga JM (2005) Anal Bioanal Chem 382:248–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gettens RJ, Kühn H, Chase WT (1997) Lead white. In: Roy A (ed) Artists’ pigments: a handbook of their history and characteristics, vol 2. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  28. Eremin K, Stenger J, Green ML (2006) J Raman Spectrosc 37:1119–1124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Frost RL, Martens W, Kloprogge JT, Williams PA (2002) J Raman Spectrosc 33:801–806

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Lepot L, Denoel S, Gilbert B (2006) J Raman Spectrosc 37:1098–1103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kühn H (1997) Verdigris and copper resinate. In: Roy A (ed) Artists’ pigments: a handbook of their history and characteristics, vol 2. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  32. Castro K, Sarmiento A, Princi E, Pérez-Alonso M, Rodríguez-Laso MD, Vicini S, Madariaga JM, Pedemonte E (2007) Trend Anal Chem 26:347–359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Vandenabeele P, Lambert K, Matthys S, Schudel W, Bergmans A, Moens L (2005) Anal Bioanal Chem 383:707–712

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Frost RL (2003) Spectrochim Acta A 59:1195–1204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was partially funded by the European Project PAPERTECH (INCO-CT-2004–509095). Dr. K. Castro is grateful to the Ministry of Education and Science for his contract at the UPV/EHU (PTA 2003–02–00050). Authors would like to thank Prof. Enrico Pedemonte and Prof. Ezio Martuscelli for the support, the suggestions and the fruitful discussions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain

    K. Castro & J. M. Madariaga

  2. Centro de Física Atómica da Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 2, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal

    S. Pessanha & M. L. Carvalho

  3. Institute of Chemical Methodologies, CNR, Research Area of Rome, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00016, Monterotondo Staz., Rome, Italy

    N. Proietti & D. Capitani

  4. Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genova, Italy

    E. Princi

Authors
  1. K. Castro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Pessanha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. Proietti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. E. Princi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. D. Capitani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. L. Carvalho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. J. M. Madariaga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Castro.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Castro, K., Pessanha, S., Proietti, N. et al. Noninvasive and nondestructive NMR, Raman and XRF analysis of a Blaeu coloured map from the seventeenth century. Anal Bioanal Chem 391, 433–441 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2001-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2001-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation