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A critical comparison of analytical flow systems exploiting streamlined and pulsed flows

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Abstract

Multipumping (MPFS) and multicommuted (MCFS) flow systems relying on pulsed and laminar flows were critically compared. The mixing conditions and dispersion associated with both systems were evaluated by simulating the sample with bromocresol green. The molybdenum blue method for phosphate determination in soil extracts was also implemented in both flow systems. Furthermore, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was applied to visualize the dispersing sample; rhodamine B was used as the fluorescent species. The pulsed flow enhanced the mixing of the solutions involved, thus reducing reagent consumption (48 and 96 μl for MPFS and MCFS), and improving sampling rate (67 and 144 h−1 for MCFS and MPFS). For phosphate determination, results obtained with both systems were precise (r.s.d. < 0.5%; n  = 10) and accurate. Analyses of the absorbance vs time/space LIF plots revealed that exploitation of pulsed flow led to a pronounced radial dispersion and to a limited axial dispersion, typical aspects of turbulent flows.

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Notes

  1. The expression stopped flow has also been used in relation to unsegmented flow systems where the sample zone is halted for a preselected period of time in order to increase the sample residence time without increasing dispersion.

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Acknowledgements

The FAPESP Foundation is thanked for the Ph.D. grant to ACBD. Partial support from CNPq/GRICES is also greatly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, P. O. Box 96, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil

    Ana C. B. Dias & Elias A. G. Zagatto

  2. REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, Porto, 4050-047, Portugal

    Joâo L. M. Santos & José L. F. C. Lima

  3. Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-290, Brazil

    Cristina M. Quintella & Angelo M. V. Lima

Authors
  1. Ana C. B. Dias
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  2. Joâo L. M. Santos
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  3. José L. F. C. Lima
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  4. Cristina M. Quintella
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  5. Angelo M. V. Lima
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  6. Elias A. G. Zagatto
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elias A. G. Zagatto.

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Dias, A.C.B., Santos, J.L.M., Lima, J.L.F.C. et al. A critical comparison of analytical flow systems exploiting streamlined and pulsed flows. Anal Bioanal Chem 388, 1303–1310 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1304-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1304-1

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