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Analysis of PAH compounds in soil with on-line coupled pressurised hot water extraction–microporous membrane liquid–liquid extraction–gas chromatography

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Abstract

Pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) was coupled on-line with microporous membrane liquid–liquid extraction (MMLLE) and gas chromatography (GC) in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds in soil. The MMLLE serves as a trapping device after the PHWE. Water from PHWE is directed to the donor side of the membrane unit and the analytes are extracted to the acceptor solution on the other side of the membrane. The role of MMLLE is to clean and concentrate the extract, which is then transferred on-line to the GC via a sample loop and an on-column interface using partially concurrent solvent evaporation. Separate optimisation of MMLLE and simulations of the PHWE-MMLLE connection were carried out before the actual on-line coupling. After optimisation of the whole on-line system, the efficiencies of the PHWE–MMLLE–GC and PHWE–solid-phase trap extractions were compared. The PHWE–MMLLE–GC method allowed on-line analysis of soil samples. The method was linear, with limits of detection in the range 0.05–0.13 ng and limits of quantification 0.65–1.66 μg g−1. Comparison of the results with those obtained by other techniques confirmed the good performance.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support for this study was provided by the Finnish Cultural Foundation (Kati Kuosmanen) and the Academy of Finland (Tuulia Hyötyläinen and Kari Hartonen).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    K. Kuosmanen, T. Hyötyläinen, K. Hartonen & M.-L. Riekkola

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden

    J. Å. Jönsson

Authors
  1. K. Kuosmanen
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  2. T. Hyötyläinen
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  3. K. Hartonen
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  4. J. Å. Jönsson
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  5. M.-L. Riekkola
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Correspondence to T. Hyötyläinen.

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Kuosmanen, K., Hyötyläinen, T., Hartonen, K. et al. Analysis of PAH compounds in soil with on-line coupled pressurised hot water extraction–microporous membrane liquid–liquid extraction–gas chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 375, 389–399 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-002-1685-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-002-1685-0

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