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Body and liver fat content and adipokines in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy study

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Abstract

Rationale

Although antipsychotic treatment often causes weight gain and lipid abnormalities, quantitative analyses of tissue-specific body fat content and its distribution along with adipokines have not been reported for antipsychotic-treated patients.

Objectives

The purposes of the present study were to quantitatively assess abdominal and liver fat in patients with schizophrenia on antipsychotic treatment and age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls and to evaluate their associations with plasma leptin and adiponectin levels.

Methods

In 13 schizophrenia patients on antipsychotic treatment and 11 age- and BMI-matched controls, we simultaneously quantified visceral and subcutaneous fat content using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and liver fat content by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Associations of tissue-specific fat content with plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin were evaluated.

Results

Plasma adiponectin level (μg/mL) was not statistically different between groups (7.02 ± 2.67 vs. 7.59 ± 2.92), whereas plasma leptin level (ng/mL) trended to be higher in patients than in controls (11.82 ± 7.89 vs. 7.93 ± 5.25). The values of liver fat (%), visceral fat (L), and subcutaneous fat (L) were 9.64 ± 8.03 vs. 7.07 ± 7.35, 4.41 ± 1.64 vs. 3.31 ± 1.97, and 8.37 ± 3.34 vs. 7.16 ± 2.99 in patients vs. controls, respectively. Liver fat content was inversely correlated with adiponectin in controls (r =  − 0.87, p < 0.001) but not in patients (r =  − 0.26, p = 0.39). In both groups, visceral fat was inversely associated with adiponectin (controls : r =  − 0.66, p = 0.03; patients : r =  − 0.65, p = 0.02), while subcutaneous fat was positively correlated with leptin (controls : r = 0.90, p < 0.001; patients : r = 0.67, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that antipsychotic treatment may disrupt the physiological relationship between liver fat content and adiponectin but does not essentially affect the associations of adiponectin and leptin with visceral and subcutaneous compartments.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2015R1C1A2A01051461), and Gachon University Gil Medical Center (Grant #2013-33). For Jong-Hoon Kim, this work was partly supported by a grant of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (number: HI14C2750). The authors thank Prof. Jun-Young Chung for technical support with the Siemens scanner and Prof. Daniel T Stein at Albert Einstein College of Medicine (New York, USA) for fruitful discussion on the procedure of blood sampling and analyses. The authors also thank the radiographers for scanning participants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

    Jong-Hoon Kim

  2. Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

    Jong-Hoon Kim

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, 1198 Guwol-Dong, Namdong-Gu, Incheon, 405-760, Republic of Korea

    Jong-Hoon Kim

  4. Division of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

    Jung-Hyun Kim

  5. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

    Pil-Whan Park

  6. Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany

    Jürgen Machann

  7. Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Jürgen Machann

  8. Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Michael Roden

  9. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Michael Roden

  10. German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany

    Michael Roden

  11. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

    Sheen-Woo Lee

  12. Metabolic Imaging, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Jong-Hee Hwang

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  1. Jong-Hoon Kim
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Kim, JH., Kim, JH., Park, PW. et al. Body and liver fat content and adipokines in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy study. Psychopharmacology 234, 1923–1932 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4598-5

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