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Methylphenidate modulates sustained attention and cortical activation in survivors of traumatic brain injury: a perfusion fMRI study

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Abstract

Rationale

Methylphenidate (MPH), the most widely prescribed psychostimulant to treat many neuropsychiatric conditions, is reported to improve attention and speed of processing in survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The neural correlate of this efficacy, however, remains unclear.

Objective

Using perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as a biomarker of regional neural activity, the current study aimed to examine the neural correlates of single-dose (0.3 mg/kg) MPH administration in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study design.

Methods

Twenty-three individuals with moderate to severe TBI were tested on two occasions approximately 1 week apart. Perfusion fMRI scanning was carried out at rest and while participants performed cognitive tasks requiring sustained attention and working memory.

Results

Behaviorally, MPH significantly improved both accuracy and reaction time (RT) in the sustained attention task but only RT in the working memory task. A trend of global reduction of cerebral blood flow by MPH was observed in all task conditions including resting. Voxel-wise whole-brain analysis revealed an interaction effect of drug by condition (MPH–placebo X task–rest) for the sustained attention task in the left posterior superior parietal cortex and parieto–occipital junction (BA 7/19). The magnitude of drug-related deactivation of this area during task performance was correlated with improvement in RT.

Conclusion

Suppression of activity in this area during task performance may reflect a compensatory mechanism by which MPH ameliorates attention impairments in TBI.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Kathy Z. Tang, B.A.; John Slattery, B.A.; Geoffrey K. Aguirre, MD, Ph.D.; Daniel Kimberg, Ph.D.; John Pluta, B.S.; and Allen Osman, Ph.D. for their help with subject recruitment, data analysis, and manuscript review. The assistance of MRI technicians Doris Cain, Patricia O’Donnell, and Norman Butler is also gratefully acknowledged. This study was supported by grant R24HD39621 (to J.W.), R24HD050836 (to J.W.; www.ncrrn.org), and P30NS045839 (to J.A.D.) from the NIH.

Disclosure

Dr. Detre is an inventor on the University of Pennsylvania’s patent for ASL MRI and is entitled to institutional royalty sharing for its licensure.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no other potential conflicts of interest related to this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, 50 Township Line Rd., Elkins Park, PA, 19027, USA

    Junghoon Kim, John Whyte, Sunil Patel & Eduardo Europa

  2. Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Jiongjiong Wang

  3. Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    H. Branch Coslett

  4. Department of Neurology and Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    John A. Detre

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  1. Junghoon Kim
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Correspondence to Junghoon Kim.

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Kim, J., Whyte, J., Patel, S. et al. Methylphenidate modulates sustained attention and cortical activation in survivors of traumatic brain injury: a perfusion fMRI study. Psychopharmacology 222, 47–57 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2622-8

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