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Effect of verbascoside against acute kidney injury induced by rhabdomyolysis in rats

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Abstract

Rhabdomyolysis is a pathological condition caused by muscle tissue degradation. In this condition, intracellular contents enter the bloodstream, and acute kidney injury (AKI) develops. Verbascoside (VB) is one of the most common phenylethanoid glycosides and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the effects of VB on AKI induced by rhabdomyolysis in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 6): (1) control group (normal saline), (2) 50% glycerol (10 ml/kg, IM, single injection, only on the first day), (3)–(5) 50% glycerol (same as group 2) + VB (30, 60, and 100 mg/kg, IP, 4 days), and (6) VB (100 mg/kg). Serum and kidney tissue samples were collected on day 5. Subsequently, serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipocalin associated with neutrophil gelatinase (NGAL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and pathological changes were investigated. The injection of glycerol elevated levels of kidney damage markers, including Cr and BUN in serum, MDA, TNF-α, and NGAL, along with a reduction in GSH levels in the kidney tissue. The administration of VB (100 mg/kg) significantly lowered the levels of these markers, indicating the therapeutic effect of VB against AKI caused by rhabdomyolysis. Histopathological examinations revealed enhanced myoglobin cast formation and tubular necrosis in the glycerol group, which was reduced in rats that received VB, although this reduction did not reach statistical significance. VB can reduce rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and decrease kidney damage severity.

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Data availability

Data will be provided upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

AKI:

Acute kidney injury

VB:

Verbascoside

IM:

Intramuscular

IP:

Intraperitoneal

Cr:

Creatinine

BUN:

Blood urea nitrogen

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

NGAL:

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Vice Chancellor of Research at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Mashhad, Iran, for financial help. This article contains information from a master’s thesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Maryam Safari Samangani, Soghra Mehri, Tahereh Aminifard, Pooneh Fallah Yazdani & Hossein Hosseinzadeh

  2. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Soghra Mehri & Hossein Hosseinzadeh

  3. Department of Pathology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Jafarian

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  1. Maryam Safari Samangani
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  2. Soghra Mehri
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  5. Pooneh Fallah Yazdani
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  6. Hossein Hosseinzadeh
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Contributions

Both Hossein Hosseinzadeh and Soghra Mehri conceived and supervised the study. The group was also overseen by them throughout the study. Analyzing the data and conducting experiments were done by Maryam Safari. Statistical graphs were also generated by Maryam Safari. In addition to Maryam Safari, Tahereh Aminifard and Pooneh Fallah helped conduct the experiments. The pathology tests were performed by Amirhossein Jafarian. The final manuscript was reviewed and approved by all authors. The authors declare that all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used.

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Correspondence to Hossein Hosseinzadeh.

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All procedures in this study were conducted in accordance with the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences ethical committee (ethical code IR.MUMS.AEC.1401.073) approved protocols for the care and use of laboratory animals.

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Safari Samangani, M., Mehri, S., Aminifard, T. et al. Effect of verbascoside against acute kidney injury induced by rhabdomyolysis in rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-024-03144-1

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