Retraction Note: Ameliorative effect of two structurally divergent hydrazide derivatives against DSS-induced colitis by targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling in mice

Retraction Note: Naunyn–Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (2022) 395:1167–1188

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-022-02272-w

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding some of the images presented in the figures. Specifically:

• In Fig. 2d, the distribution of the contents of the colon in the Vehicle control, Mesalazine and NCHDH groups appears highly similar, with slight differences in magnification and the arrangement of the colon.

• Fig. 3 Crypt Mes appears to overlap with NCHDH (resized and recoloured);

• Fig. 10 HO-1 Mes appears to overlap with NCHDH (resized);

• Fig. 11 NFkB NCHDH appears to overlap with NTHDH (resized), IkB DSS appears to overlap with COX2 Mes (mirror image), IkB Mes appears to overlap with NTHDH (rotated and resized)

The authors have provided partial raw data to address these concerns; however, the Publisher has found additional image overlap concerns in the raw data. The Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the presented data.

None of the authors have responded to any correspondence from the publisher about this retraction notice.