Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac rhythm disturbance. At the cellular level, excessive ROS generation during AF is associated with ER stress, which induces an inflammatory response by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway. Activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been linked to the pathogenesis of AF through NF-kB activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. It has been shown that NLRP3 inflammasome activation by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is dependent on NF-kB activation. The anti-inflammatory role of resolvin D1 (RvD1), a pro-resolving mediator derived from omega-3 fatty acids, has demonstrated that the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in different tissues is attenuated after treatment with RvD1. However, the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of RvD1 in AF has not been clarified. This review suggests that RvD1 may inhibit ER stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome through suppressing NF-κB in cardiac tissue and, thus ameliorate AF.
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Abbreviations
- ASC:
-
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein
- AF:
-
Atrial fibrillation
- ATF6:
-
Activating transcription factor 6
- CAS1:
-
Caspase 1
- CD68:
-
Cluster of differentiation 68
- CHOP:
-
C/EBP homologous protein
- DHA:
-
Docosahexaenoic acid
- eIF2α:
-
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- EPA:
-
Eicosapentaenoic acid
- ESRD:
-
End-stage renal disease
- FPR2:
-
Formyl peptide receptor 2
- GPCRs:
-
Specific G protein-coupled receptors
- GPR32:
-
G protein-coupled receptor 32
- GRP78:
-
78 KDa glucose-regulated protein
- hHcys:
-
Hyperhomocysteinemia
- HFD:
-
High-fat diet
- Icam1 :
-
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IκB:
-
Inhibitors of NF-κB
- IKK:
-
IκB kinase
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- I/R injury:
-
Ischemia/reperfusion injury
- IRE1α:
-
Inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor-kappa B
- NLRP3:
-
NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
- PERK:
-
Protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like kinase
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RvD1:
-
Resolvin D1
- Rvs:
-
Resolvins
- SAH:
-
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- SPMs:
-
Specialized pro-resolving mediators
- Socs3:
-
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
- TAK1:
-
TGF-β-activated kinase 1
- TLRs:
-
Toll-like receptors
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TRAF2:
-
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2
- UPR:
-
Unfolded protein response
- XBP1:
-
X-box-binding protein 1
- ω-3PUFAs:
-
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
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The authors are thankful to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences for financial support.
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GhK conceived and designed research; GhK and AWH revised and edited the manuscript; FY wrote the manuscript; All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. The authors declare that all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used.
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Yarmohammadi, F., Hayes, A.W. & Karimi, G. Possible protective effect of resolvin D1 on inflammation in atrial fibrillation: involvement of ER stress mediated the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 394, 1613–1619 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-021-02115-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-021-02115-0