Retraction Note to: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (2020) 393:469–480

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-019-01746-8

The Editor in Chief retracted this article (Zhang et al. 2020) because of significant concerns regarding a number of Figures presented in this work. After publication, overlap was detected with figures in unrelated articles, some published previously and others within a close time frame.

Figure 2A appears to contain the same images that have been published elsewhere with different labels: Figure 6K (Yin et al. 2020) and Figure 3E ((Liu 2018), retracted).

Figure 2E images labelled as A549 cells appears to be similar to that published elsewhere with different labels: Figure 4K (Yin et al. 2020) and Figure 2E (Wang et al. 2018).

Figure 3G - overlap in images used in this and another unrelated article by other authors (Wang et al. 2019)

Figure 6A appears to contain images that have been published elsewhere with different labels: Figure 8B in ((Liu 2018), retracted), Figure 6A (Sun et al. 2020), Figure 7A in (Niu et al. 2019), and Figure 6A ((Gao 2017), retracted).

Figure 6E appears to contain images that have been published elsewhere with different labels: Figure 6D (Sun et al. 2020) and Figure 6C (Han et al. 2019).

Figure 6K appears to contain images that have been published elsewhere with different labels (Sun et al. 2020)

The authors were unable to provide raw data and stated that the figures were produced by a commercial lab hired to perform some of the experiments for this study. Furthermore, the authors stated that some of the data presented were not generated as part of this study. The Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the integrity of the data in this article.

All authors agree to this retraction.