Abstract
With more than 80 cytochrome P450 (CYP) encoding genes found in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), the cyp35 genes are one of the important genes involved in many biological processes such as fatty acid synthesis and storage, xenobiotic stress response, dauer and eggshell formation, and xenobiotic metabolism. The C. elegans CYP35 subfamily consisted of A, B, C, and D, which have the closest homolog to human CYP2 family. C. elegans homologs could answer part of the hunt for human disease genes. This review aims to provide an overview of CYP35 in C. elegans and their human homologs, to explore the roles of CYP35 in various C. elegans biological processes, and how the genes of cyp35 upregulation or downregulation are influenced by biological processes, upon exposure to xenobiotics or changes in diet and environment. The C. elegans CYP35 gene expression could be upregulated by heavy metals, pesticides, anti-parasitic and anti-chemotherapeutic agents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nanoparticles, drugs, and organic chemical compounds. Among the cyp35 genes, cyp-35A2 is involved in most of the C. elegans biological processes regulation. Further venture of cyp35 genes, the closest homolog of CYP2 which is the largest family of human CYPs, may have the power to locate cyps gene targets, discovery of novel therapeutic strategies, and possibly a successful medical regime to combat obesity, cancers, and cyps gene-related diseases.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aarnio V, Lehtonen M, Storvik M, Callaway JC, Lakso M, Wong G (2011) Caenorhabditis elegans mutants predict regulation of fatty acids and endocannabinoids by the CYP-35A gene family. Front Pharmacol 2(12):1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2011.00012
Aarnio, V. (2014). Functions of AHR-1 and CYP-35A Subfamily Genes in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Abbass M, Chen Y, Arlt VM, Stürzenbaum SR (2021) Benzo[a]pyrene and Caenorhabditis elegans: defining the genotoxic potential in an organism lacking the classical CYP1A1 pathway. Arch Toxicol 95(3):1055–1069. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02968-z
Anbalagan C, Lafayette I, Antoniou-Kourounioti M, Gutierrez C, Martin JR, Chowdhuri DK, De Pomerai DI (2013) Use of transgenic GFP reporter strains of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the patterns of stress responses induced by pesticides and by organic extracts from agricultural soils. Ecotoxicology 22(1):72–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-1004-2
Annalora AJ, Marcus CB, Iversen PL (2017) Alternative splicing in the cytochrome P450 superfamily expands protein diversity to augment gene function and redirect human drug metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 45(4):375–389. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.116.073254
Apfeld J, Alper S (2018) What can we learn about human disease from the nematode C. elegans? Methods Mol Biol 1706(53–75):1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7471-9_4
Aranaz P, Navarro-Herrera D, Zabala M, Romo-Hualde A, López-Yoldi M, Vizmanos JL, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ (2020a) Phenolic compounds reduce the fat content in caenorhabditis elegans by affecting lipogenesis, lipolysis, and different stress responses. Pharmaceuticals 13(355):1–33. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13110355
Aranaz P, Navarro-Herrera D, Zabala M, Romo-Hualde A, López-Yoldi M, Vizmanos JL, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ (2020b) Phenolic compounds reduce the fat content in caenorhabditis elegans by affecting lipogenesis, lipolysis, and different stress responses. Pharmaceuticals 13(11):1–33. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13110355
Aronson JK (2016) Clobazam. Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs: The international encyclopedia of adverse drug reactions and interactions, 16th edn. Elsevier, p 405–407. https://doi.org/https://www.elsevier.com/books/meylers-side-effects-of-drugs/aronson/978-0-444-53717-1
Barna J, Princz A, Kosztelnik M, Hargitai B, Takács-Vellai K, Vellai T (2012) Heat shock factor-1 intertwines insulin/IGF-1, TGF-β and cGMP signaling to control development and aging. BMC Dev Biol 12(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-12-32
Behrendorff JBYH (2021) Reductive cytochrome P450 reactions and their potential role in bioremediation. Front Microbiol 12(April):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.649273
Benenati G, Penkov S, Müller-Reichert T, Entchev EV, Kurzchalia TV (2009) Two cytochrome P450s in Caenorhabditis elegans are essential for the organization of eggshell, correct execution of meiosis and the polarization of embryo. Mech Dev 126(5–6):382–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2009.02.001
Brinkmann V, Schiavi A, Shaik A, Puchta DR, Ventura N (2021) Dietary and environmental factors have opposite AhR-dependent effects on C. elegans healthspan. Aging 13(1):104–133. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.202316
Brittin CA, Cook SJ, Hall DH, Emmons SW, Cohen N (2021) A multi-scale brain map derived from whole-brain volumetric reconstructions. Nature 591(7848):105–110. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03284-x
C. elegans Sequencing Consortium (1998) Genome seauence of the nematode C. eleuans: a platform for investigating biology. Science 282:2012–2018
Chakrapani BPS, Kumar S, Subramaniam JR (2008) Development and evaluation of an in vivo assay in Caenorhabditis elegans for screening of compounds for their effect on cytochrome P450 expression. J Biosci 33(2):269–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-008-0044-5
Chevalier D, Lo-Guidice JM, Sergent E, Allorge D, Debuysère H, Ferrari N, Libersa C, Lhermitte M, Broly F (2001) Identification of genetic variants in the human thromboxane synthase gene (CYP5A1). Mutatn Res - Mutat Resh Genom 432(3–4):61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5726(00)00004-2
Cong Y, Yang H, Zhang P, Xie Y, Cao X, Zhang L (2020) Transcriptome analysis of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in acidic stress environments. Front Physiol 11(Article 1107):1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.01107
Daly AK, Rettie AE, Fowler DM, Miners JO (2018) Pharmacogenomics of CYP2C9: functional and clinical considerations. J Pers Med 8(1):1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm8010001
De Pomerai D, Anbalagan C, Lafayette I, Rajagopalan D, Loose M, Haque M, King J (2010) High-throughput analysis of multiple stress pathways using GFP reporters in C. elegans. WIT Trans Ecol Environ 132:177–187. https://doi.org/10.2495/ETOX100171
Durand CM, Dhers L, Tesson C, Tessa A, Fouillen L, Jacqueré S, Raymond L, Coupry I, Benard G, Darios F, El- Hachimi KH, Astrea G, Rivier F, Banneau G, Pujol C, Lacombe D, Durr A, Babin PJ, Santorelli FM, Goizet C (2018) CYP2U1 activity is altered by missense mutations in hereditary spastic paraplegia 56. Hum Mutat 39(1):140–151. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.23359
Dutkiewicz Z, Mikstacka R (2018) Structure-based drug design for cytochrome P450 family 1 inhibitors. Bioinor Chem Appl 2018(Article ID 3924608):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3924608
Elfaki I, Mir R, Almutairi FM, Abu Duhier FM (2018) Cytochrome P450: polymorphisms and roles in cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 19(8):2057–2070. https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2057
Esteves F, Rueff J, Kranendonk M (2021) The central role of cytochrome P450 in xenobiotic metabolism—a brief review on a fascinating enzyme family. J Xenobiot 11(3):94–114. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox11030007
Ezcurra M, Benedetto A, Sornda T, Gilliat AF, Au C, Zhang Q, van Schelt S, Petrache AL, Wang H, de la Guardia Y, Bar-Nun S, Tyler E, Wakelam MJ, Gems D (2018) C. elegans Eats Its Own Intestine to Make Yolk Leading to Multiple Senescent Pathologies. Current Biol 28(16):2544–2556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.035
Fielenbach N, Antebi A (2008) C. elegans dauer formation and the molecular basis of plasticity. Genes Dev 22(16):2149–2165. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1701508
Gao S, Chen W, Zeng Y, Jing H, Zhang N, Flavel M, Jois M, Han JDJ, Xian B, Li G (2018) Classification and prediction of toxicity of chemicals using an automated phenotypic profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 19(18):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-018-0208-3
Garciá-Suástegui WA, Ramos-Chávez LA, Rubio-Osornio M, Calvillo-Velasco M, Atzin-Méndez JA, Guevara J, Silva-Adaya D (2017) The role of CYP2E1 in the drug metabolism or bioactivation in the brain. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017(4680732):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4680732
Gotoh O (1998) Divergent structures of Caenorhabditis elegans cytochrome P450 genes suggest the frequent loss and gain of introns during the evolution of nematodes. Mol Biol Evol 15(11):1447–1459. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025872
Govindan JA, Jayamani E, Zhang X, Mylonakis E, Ruvkun G (2015) Dialogue between E. coli free radical pathways and the mitochondria of C. elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112(40):12456–12461. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517448112
Gu Q, Zhang Y, Fu X, Lu Z, Yu Y, Chen G, Ma R, Kou W, Lan Y (2020) Toxicity and metabolism of 3-bromopyruvate in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (biomed Biotechnol) 21(1):77–86
Guengerich FP (2021) A history of the roles of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the toxicity of drugs. Toxicol Res 37(1):1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43188-020-00056-z
Ha NM, Tran SH, Shim YH, Kang K (2022) Caenorhabditis elegans as a powerful tool in natural product bioactivity research. Appl Biol Chem 65(18):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-022-00685-y
Harlow PH, Perry SJ, Widdison S, Daniels S, Bondo E, Lamberth C, Currie RA, Flemming AJ (2016) The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a tool to predict chemical activity on mammalian development and identify mechanisms influencing toxicological outcome. Sci Rep 6(December 2015):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22965
Harlow PH, Perry SJ, Stevens AJ, Flemming AJ (2018) Comparative metabolism of xenobiotic chemicals by cytochrome P450s in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 8(13333):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31215-w
Hartman JH, Widmayer SJ, Bergemann CM, King DE, Morton KS, Romersi RF, Jameson LE, Leung MCK, Andersen EC, Taubert S, Meyer JN (2021) Xenobiotic metabolism and transport in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Toxicol Environ Health - b: Crit Rev 24(2):51–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2021.1884921
Heit C, Dong H, Chen Y, Thompson DC, Deitrich RA, Vasiliou VK (2013) The role of CYP2E1 in alcohol metabolism and sensitivity in the central nervous system. Subcell Biochem 67:235–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5881-0_8
Hunt PR (2017) The C. elegans model in toxicity testing. J Appl Toxicol 37(1):50–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3357
Hunt PR, Camacho JA, Sprando RL (2020) Caenorhabditis elegans for predictive toxicology. Curr Opin Toxicol 23–24:23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cotox.2020.02.004
Imanikia S, Hylands P, Stürzenbaum SR (2015) The double mutation of cytochrome P450’s and fatty acid desaturases affect lipid regulation and longevity in C. elegans. Biochem Biophys Rep 2:172–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.06.007
Iser WB, Wilson MA, Wood WH, Becker K, Wolkow CA (2011) Co-regulation of the Daf-16 target gene, cyp-35b1/dod-13, by Hsf-1 in C. elegans dauer larvae and Daf-2 insulin pathway mutants. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017369
Jones LM, Rayson SJ, Flemming AJ, Urwin PE (2013) Adaptive and specialised transcriptional responses to xenobiotic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans are regulated by nuclear hormone receptors. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069956
Jones LM, Flemming AJ, Urwin PE (2015) NHR-176 regulates cyp-35d1 to control hydroxylation-dependent metabolism of thiabendazole in caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem J 466:37–44. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20141296
Kaletta T, Hengartner MO (2006) Finding function in novel targets: C. elegans as a model organism. Nat Rev Drug Discov 5(5):387–399. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2031
Karengera A, Sterken MG, Kammenga JE, Riksen JAG, Dinkla IJT, Murk AJ (2022) Differential expression of genes in C. elegans reveals transcriptional responses to indirect-acting xenobiotic compounds and insensitivity to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 233(113344):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113344
Kuban W, Daniel WA (2021) Cytochrome P450 expression and regulation in the brain. Drug Metab Rev 53(1):1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2020.1858856
Lai CH, Chou CY, Ch’ang LY, Liu CS, Lin WC (2000) Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics. Genome Res 10(5):703–713. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.10.5.703
Laing ST, Ivens A, Laing R, Ravikumar S, Butler V, Woods DJ, Gilleard JS (2010) Characterization of the xenobiotic response of Caenorhabditis elegans to the anthelmintic drug albendazole and the identification of novel drug glucoside metabolites. Biochem J 432(3):505–514. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20101346
Langmia IM, Just KS, Yamoune S, Brockmöller J, Masimirembwa C, Stingl JC (2021) CYP2B6 functional variability in drug metabolism and exposure across populations—implication for drug safety, dosing, and individualized therapy. Front Genet 12(July):1–21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.692234
Larigot L, Mansuy D, Borowski I, Coumoul X, Dairou J (2022) Cytochromes P450 of Caenorhabditis elegans: implication in biological functions and metabolism of xenobiotics. Biomolecules 12(3):1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12030342
Lee HU, McPherson ZE, Tan B, Korecka A, Pettersson S (2017) Host-microbiome interactions: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the central nervous system. J Mol Med 95(1):29–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-016-1486-0
Leung MCK, Goldstone JV, Boyd WA, Freedman JH, Meyer JN (2010) Caenorhabditis elegans generates biologically relevant levels of genotoxic metabolites from aflatoxin B1 but not benzo[a]pyrene in vivo. Toxicol Sci 118(2):444–453. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfq295
Libina N, Berman JR, Kenyon C (2003) Tissue-Specific Activities of C. elegans DAF-16 in the Regulation of Lifespan. Cell 115(4):489–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00889-4
Lindblom TH, Dodd AK (2006) Xenobiotic detoxification in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Exp Zool A Comp Exp Biol 305(9):720–730. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.324
Luo Y, Liu JY (2020) Pleiotropic functions of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-derived eicosanoids in cancer. Front Pharmacol 11(October):1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.580897
Ma Y, Xie J, Wijaya CS, Xu S (2021) From wound response to repair – lessons from C. elegans. Cell Regen 10(5):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-020-00067-z
Machalz D, Pach S, Bermudez M, Bureik M, Wolber G (2021) Structural insights into understudied human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Discov Today 26(10):2456–2464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2021.06.006
McGhee JD (2007) The C. elegans intestine. WormBook : Online Rev c. Elegans Biol 27:1–36. https://doi.org/10.1895/wormbook.1.133.1
Ménez C, Alberich M, Courtot E, Guegnard F, Blanchard A, Aguilaniu H, Lespine A (2019) The transcription factor NHR-8: a new target to increase ivermectin efficacy in nematodes. PLoS Pathog 15(2):1–31. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007598
Menzel R, Bogaert T, Achazi R (2001) A systematic gene expression screen of Caenorhabditis elegans cytochrome P450 genes reveals CYP35 as strongly xenobiotic inducible. Arch Biochem Biophys 395(2):158–168. https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.2001.2568
Menzel R, Rödel M, Kulas J, Steinberg CEW (2005) CYP35: xenobiotically induced gene expression in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Arch Biochem Biophys 438(1):93–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2005.03.020
Menzel R, Yeo HL, Rienau S, Li S, Steinberg CEW, Stürzenbaum SR (2007) Cytochrome P450s and short-chain dehydrogenases mediate the toxicogenomic response of PCB52 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Mol Biol 370(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.04.058
Min H, Kawasaki I, Gong J, Shim YH (2015) Caffeine induces high expression of cyp-35A family genes and inhibits the early larval development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cells 38(3):236–242. https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2015.2282
Mokoena NZ, Sebolai OM, Albertyn J, Pohl CH (2020) Synthesis and function of fatty acids and oxylipins, with a focus on Caenorhabditis elegans. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 148(106426):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106426
Mullaney BC, Ashrafi K (2009) C. elegans fat storage and metabolic regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1791(6):474–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.12.013
Murray M (2006) Altered CYP expression and function in response to dietary factors: potential roles in disease pathogenesis. Curr Drug Metab 7(1):67–81. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920006774832569
Nebert DW, Wikvall K, Miller WL (2013) Human cytochromes P450 in health and disease. Phil Trans R Soc b: Biol Sci. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0431
Oh M, Yeom J, Schraermeyer U, Schraermeyer SJ (2022) Remofuscin induces xenobiotic detoxification via a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling pathway to extend the Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan. Sci Rep 12(7161):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11325-2
Pai HV, Kommaddi RP, Chinta SJ, Mori T, Boyd MR, Ravindranath V (2004) A frameshift mutation and alternate splicing in human brain generate a functional form of the pseudogene cytochrome P4502D7 that demethylates codeine to morphine. J Biol Chem 279(26):27383–27389. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M402337200
Patel R, Barker J, Elshaer A (2020) Pharmaceutical excipients and drug metabolism: a mini-review. Int J Mol Sci 21(8224):1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218224
Reisner K, Lehtonen M, Storvik M, Jantson T, Lakso M, Callaway JC, Wong G (2011) Trans fat diet causes decreased brood size and shortened lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans delta-6-desaturase mutant fat-3. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25(5):269–279. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.20386
Roh JY, Choi J (2011) Cyp35a2 gene expression is involved in toxicity of fenitrothion in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Chemosphere 84(10):1356–1361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.010
Roh JY, Lee J, Choi J (2006) Assessment of stress-related gene expression in the heavy metal-exposed nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: a potential biomarker for metal-induced toxicity monitoring and environmental risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 25(11):2946–2956. https://doi.org/10.1897/05-676R.1
Roh JY, Jung IH, Lee JY, Choi J (2007) Toxic effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on mortality, growth, reproduction and stress-related gene expression in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicology 237(1–3):126–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2007.05.008
Roh JY, Park YJ, Choi J (2009) A cadmium toxicity assay using stress responsive Caenorhabditis elegans mutant strains. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 28(3):409–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2009.07.006
Roh JY, Park YK, Park K, Choi J (2010) Ecotoxicological investigation of CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles on the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using gene expression, growth, fertility, and survival as endpoints. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 29(2):167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2009.12.003
Roh JY, Lee H, Kwon JH (2014) Changes in the expression of cyp35a family genes in the soil nematode caenorhabditis elegans under controlled exposure to chlorpyrifos using passive dosing. Environ Sci Technol 48(17):10475–10481. https://doi.org/10.1021/es5027773
Roh JY, Kim PG, Kwon JH (2018) Comparative study of oxidative stress caused by anthracene and alkyl-anthracenes in caenorhabditis elegans. Environ Health Toxicol 33(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.5620/EHT.E2018006
Schoch GA, Yano JK, Wester MR, Griffin KJ, Stout CD, Johnson EF (2004) Structure of human microsomal cytochrome P450 2C8: evidence for a peripheral fatty acid binding site. J Biol Chem 279(10):9497–9503. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M312516200
Shimizu Y, Nakatsuru Y, Ichinose M, Takahashi Y, Kume H, Mimura J, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Ishikawa T (2000) Benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenicity is lost in mice lacking the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(2):779–782. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.2.779
Sinclair J, Hamza I (2015) Lessons from bloodless worms: heme homeostasis in C. elegans. Biometals 28(3):481–489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-015-9841-0
Solanki M, Pointon A, Jones B, Herbert K (2018) Cytochrome P450 2J2: Potential role in drug metabolism and cardiotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 46(8):1053–1065. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.117.078964
Stasiuk SJ, MacNevin G, Workentine ML, Gray D, Redman E, Bartley D, Morrison A, Sharma N, Colwell D, Ro DK, Gilleard JS (2019) Similarities and differences in the biotransformation and transcriptomic responses of Caenorhabditis elegans and Haemonchus contortus to five different benzimidazole drugs. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 11:13–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.09.001
Stipp MC, Acco A (2021) Involvement of cytochrome P450 enzymes in inflammation and cancer: a review. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 87(3):295–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-020-04181-2
Tornio A, Backman JT (2018) Chapter one - cytochrome in pharmacogenetics: an update. In: Advances in pharmacology, vol 83. Academic press, p 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2018.04.007
Tralau T, Luch A (2013) The evolution of our understanding of endo-xenobiotic crosstalk and cytochrome P450 regulation and the therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 9(12):1541–1554. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2013.828692
Watts JL (2016) Using Caenorhabditis elegans to uncover conserved functions of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. J Clin Med 5(19):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm5020019
Watts JL, Browse J (2002) Genetic dissection of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(9):5854–5859. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.092064799
Xu J, Wang XY, Guo WZ (2015) The cytochrome P450 superfamily: key players in plant development and defense. J Integr Agric 14(9):1673–1686. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60980-1
Zhang S, Li F, Zhou T, Wang G, Li Z (2020) Caenorhabditis elegans as a useful model for studying aging mutations. Front in Endocrinol 11(Article 554994):1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.554994
Zhao M, Ma J, Li M, Zhang Y, Jiang B, Zhao X, Huai C, Shen L, Zhang N, He L, Qin S (2021) Cytochrome P450 enzymes and drug metabolism in humans. Int J Mol Sci 22(12808):1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312808
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Lim, S.Y.M., Alshagga, M., Kong, C. et al. CYP35 family in Caenorhabditis elegans biological processes: fatty acid synthesis, xenobiotic metabolism, and stress responses. Arch Toxicol 96, 3163–3174 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03382-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03382-3