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Combined effect of fluoride and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on mouse dental hard tissue formation in vitro

  • Organ Toxicity and Mechanisms
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Abstract

Fluoride interferes with enamel matrix secretion and mineralization and dentin mineralization. The most toxic dioxin congener, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), also impairs dental hard tissue formation and mineralization in vitro and in vivo. Our aim was to investigate in vitro whether the combined effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) and TCDD on dental hard tissue formation is potentiative. For this purpose, mandibular first and second molar tooth germs of E18 mouse embryos were cultured for 5–12 days with NaF and TCDD alone at various concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 20 μM and 5, 10, 12.5, and 15 nM, respectively) to determine the highest concentrations, which alone cause no or negligible effects. Morphological changes were studied from the whole tooth photographs and histological tissue sections. The concentrations found were 15 μM for NaF and 10 nM for TCDD. While at these concentrations, the effects of NaF and TCDD alone were barely detectable, the effect of simultaneous exposure on dentin and enamel formation was overt; mineralization of predentin to dentin and enamel matrix secretion and mineralization were impaired. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the combined exposure modified amelogenin expression by odontoblasts. Morphology of ameloblasts and the expression of amelogenin indicated that ameloblasts were still secretory. The results show that NaF and TCDD have potentiative, harmful effects on the formation of dental hard tissues. Since children can be exposed to subclinical levels of fluoride and dioxins during early childhood, coincidently with mineralization of the first permanent teeth, this finding may have clinical significance.

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Acknowledgments

The skillful technical assistance of Ms Maarit Hakkarainen, Ms Raila Jalomeri, and Ms Marjatta Kivekäs is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the Academy of Finland [130443] and the Finnish Dental Society Apollonia (to E.S. and S.A.).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Eija Salmela, Anna-Maija Partanen, Carin Sahlberg & Satu Alaluusua

  2. Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Pirjo-Liisa Lukinmaa

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 263, 00029, Helsinki, Finland

    Satu Alaluusua

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  1. Eija Salmela
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  2. Pirjo-Liisa Lukinmaa
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  5. Satu Alaluusua
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Correspondence to Eija Salmela.

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Salmela, E., Lukinmaa, PL., Partanen, AM. et al. Combined effect of fluoride and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on mouse dental hard tissue formation in vitro. Arch Toxicol 85, 953–963 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-010-0619-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-010-0619-4

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