Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diminished embryonic movements of developing embryo by direct exposure of sidestream whole smoke solutions

  • Developmental Toxicology
  • Published:
Archives of Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Embryonic movements (EM) are considered to be the first sign of life and cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been linked to affect EM. Exposure to sidestream smoke, produced from the emissions of a smoldering cigarette, may result in poor pregnancy outcome and increased risk of serious perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this study, the chicken embryo bioassay was used to systematically assess the effects of short-term exposure to sidestream whole smoke solutions (SSWSS) on EM, recorded in real time by a video camera for 60 min and each EM was counted for every 3-min interval. Application of different types of SSWSS to the embryos caused significant changes in all types of EM from 15 to 18 min of recording time. Extensive reduction (P<0.001) and some time complete stoppage of swing-like movements and whole-body movements were observed in almost all treated embryos. Our data clearly link between exposure of SSWSS and substantial decrease in EM. It is unclear whether nicotine and/or other ingredients present in sidestream smoke are responsible for these alterations in EM. This article provides an outline of the relevance of SSWSS on EM for evolutionary developmental biology and this assay can be used to investigate the complex mixtures with regard to their effects on EM.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • ACOG Practice bulletin (2000) Antepartum fetal surveillance. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 68:175–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker RR (1984) The effect of ventilation on cigarette combustion mechanisms. Recent Adv Tobacco Sci 10:88–150

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartal M (2001) Health effects of tobacco use and exposure. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 56(6):545–554

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baskett TF, Liston RM (1989) Fetal movement monitoring: clinical application. Clin Perinatol 16:613–625

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bekoff A (1992) Neuroethological approaches to the study of motor development in chicks: achievements and challenges. J Neurobiol 23:1486–1505

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat RV, Turner SL, Selvaag SR, Marks MJ, Collins AC (1991) Regulation of brain nicotinic receptors by chronic agonist infusion. J Neurochem 56:1932–1939

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bos AF, Einspieler C, Prechtl HF (2001) Intrauterine growth retardation, general movements, and neurodevelopmental outcome: a review. Dev Med Child Neurol 43:61–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Churg DF, Prior WA (1985) Free radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications. Environ Health Perspect 64:111–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiFranza JR, Lew RA (1995) Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy complications and sudden infant death syndrome. J Family Pract 40:385–394

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dube M, Green CR (1982) Methods of collections of smoke for analytical purposes. Recent Adv Tobacco Sci 8:42–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckstein LW, Shibley IA, Pennington JS, Carver FM, Pennington SN (1997) Changes in brain glucose levels and glucose transporter protein isoforms in alcohol- or nicotine-treated chick embryos. Dev Brain Res 103:59–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Economides D, Braithwaite J (1994) Smoking, pregnancy and the fetus. J R Soc Health 114(4):198–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrström C (1979) Fetal movement monitoring in normal and high-risk pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 80:1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Ejaz S, Kim BS, Lim CW (2005) Toxicological effects of mainstream whole smoke solutions on embryonic movements of the developing embryo. Drug Chem Toxicol 28(1):1–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EPA (1992) Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: lung cancer and other disorders. 1992, Report Number EPA/ 600/6–90/006F:3.1–3.1

  • Ernst M, Moolchan ET, Robinson ML (2001) Behavioral and neural consequences of prenatal exposure to nicotine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40(6):630– 641

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gusella JL, Fried PA (1984) Effects of maternal social drinking and smoking on offspring at 13 months. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 6:13–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Habek D, Habek JC, Ivanisevic M, Djelmis J (2002) Fetal tobacco syndrome and perinatal outcome. Fetal Diagn Ther 17(6):367–371

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamburger V (1963) Some aspects of the embryology of behaviour. Q Rev Biol 38:342–365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamburger V, Balaban M (1963) Observations and experiments on spontaneous rhythmical behavior in the chick embryo. Dev Biol 7:533–545

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamburger V, Oppenheim RW (1967) Prehatching motility and hatching behavior in the chick. J Exp Zool 166:171–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamburger V, Balaban M, Oppenheim R, Wenger E (1965) Periodic motility of normal and spinal chick embryos between 8 and 17 days of incubation. J Exp Zool 159:1–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington K, Thompson O, Jordan L, Page J, Carpenter RG, Campbell S (1998) Obstetric outcome in women who present with a reduction in fetal movements in the third trimester of pregnancy. J Perinat Med 26:77–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hijar MA, Costa-e-Silva VL (1991) Epidemiologia do tabagismo no Brasil. JBM 60:50–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Law RL, Hackshaw AK (1996) Environmental tobacco smoke. Br Med Bull 52:22–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leader LR, Baillie P, VanSchalkwyk DJ (1981) Fetal movements and fetal outcome: a prospective study. Obstet Gynecol 57:431–436

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leston GW, Rosenberg KD, Wu L (2002) Association between smoking during pregnancy and breast feeding at about 2 weeks of age. J Hum Lact 18(4):368–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtensteiger W, Ribary U, Schlumpf M, Odermatt B, Widmer HR (1988) Prenatal adverse effects of nicotine on the developing brain. Prog Brain Res 73:137–157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lofroth G (1989) Environmental tobacco smoke: overview of chemical composition and genotoxic components. Mutat Res 222:73–80

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luck W, Nau H, Hansen R, Steldinger R (1985) Extent of nicotine and cotinine transfer to the human fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid of smoking mothers. Dev Pharmacol Ther 8:384–395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsal K (1983) Ultrasonic assessment of fetal activity. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 10:541–563

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore TR, Piacquadio K (1989) A prospective evaluation of fetal movement screening to reduce the incidence of antepartum fetal death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160:1075–1080

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordberg A, Zhang XA, Fredriksson A, Eriksson P (1991) Neonatal nicotine exposure induces permanent changes in brain nicotinic receptors and behaviour in adult mice. Dev Brain Res 63:201–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen J (1992) Cigarette smoking in pregnancy and fetal growth. Does the type of tobacco play a role? Int J Epidemiol 21:279–284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pauly JR, Marks MJ, Gross SD, Collins AC (1991) An autoradiographic analysis of cholinergic receptors in mouse brain after chronic nicotine treatment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 258:1127–1136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson JF, Weaver JB (1976) Fetal activity and fetal wellbeing: an evaluation. Br Med J 1:1305–1307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng X, Gerzanich V, Anand R, Whiting PG, Lindstrom J (1994) Nicotine-induced increase in neuronal nicotinic receptors results from a decrease in the rate of receptor turnover. Mol Pharmacol 46:523–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pennington N, Sandstrom LP, Shibley IA, Long SD, Beeker KR, Smith CP, Lee K, Jones TA, Cummings KM, Means LW (1994) Biochemical changes, early brain growth suppression and impaired detour learning in nicotine-treated chicks. Dev Brain Res 83:181–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirkle JL, Flegal KM, Bernert JT, Brody DJ, Etzel RA, Maurer KR (1996) Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991. JAMA 275:1233–1240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rayburn WF (1990) Fetal body movement monitoring. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 17:95–110

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribatti D, Nico B, Vacca A, Roncali L, Burri PH, Djonov V (2001) Chorioallantoic membrane capillary bed: a useful target for studying angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis in vivo. Anat Rec 264:317–324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Roode DF, Balk L, Koeman JH, Bosveld ATC (2000) Development of a bioassay to test the possible role of thiamine disturbance as a mechanism behind pollution-induced reproductive failures in birds. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 39:386–391

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sadovsky E, Yaffe H (1973) Daily fetal movement recording and fetal prognosis. Obstet Gynecol 41:845–850

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer G, Conze C, Meyrinck LV (1990) Importance of exposure to gaseous and particulate phase components of tobacco smoke in active and passive smokers. Arch Occup Environ Health 62:459–466

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soothill PW, Ajayi RA, Campbell S, Ross EM, Nicolaides KH (1995) Fetal oxygenation at cordocentesis, maternal smoking, and childhood neuro-development. Eur J Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Biol 59:21–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Su Y, Han W, Giraldo C, DeLi Y, Block ER (1998) Effect of cigarette smoke extract on nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19:819–825

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thaler I, Goodman JD, Dawes GS (1980) Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal breathing and fetal movements. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138:282–287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valentin L, Marsal K (1987) Pregnancy outcome in women perceiving decreased fetal movement. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 24:23–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valentin L, Marsal K, Wahlgren L (1986) Subjective recording of fetal movements. III. Screening of a pregnant population; the clinical significance of decreased fetal movement counts. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 65:753–758

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visintini F, Levi-Montalcini R (1939) Relazione tra differenziazione strutturale e funzionale dei centri e delle vie nervose nell’ embrione di pollo. Schweiz Archiv Neurol Psychol 43:1–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss ST, Tager IB, Schenker M, Speizer FE (1983) The health effects of involuntary smoking. Am Rev Respir Dis 128:933–942

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witschi H, Joad JP, Pinkerton KE (1997) The toxicology of environmental tobacco smoke. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 37:29–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Z, Seidler FJ, Ali SF, Slikker JrW, Slotkin TA (2001) Fetal and adolescent nicotine administration: effects on CNS serotonergic systems. Brain Res 914:166–178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by Korean Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2004-04-1-56).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea

    Sohail Ejaz

  2. Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea

    Lim Chae Woong

Authors
  1. Sohail Ejaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lim Chae Woong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lim Chae Woong.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ejaz, S., Woong, L.C. Diminished embryonic movements of developing embryo by direct exposure of sidestream whole smoke solutions. Arch Toxicol 80, 107–114 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-005-0012-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-005-0012-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation