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Embryonic turkey liver: activities of biotransformation enzymes and activation of DNA-reactive carcinogens

  • Metabolic Activation/Inactivation
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Abstract

Avian embryos are a potential alternative model for chemical toxicity and carcinogenicity research. Because the toxic and carcinogenic effects of some chemicals depend on bioactivation, activities of biotransformation enzymes and formation of DNA adducts in embryonic turkey liver were examined. Biochemical analyses of 22-day in ovo turkey liver post-mitochondrial fractions revealed activities of the biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxycoumarin de-ethylase (ECOD), 7-ethoxyresorufin de-ethylase (EROD), aldrin epoxidase (ALD), epoxide hydrolase (EH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and UDP-glucuronyltransferase (GLUT). Following the administration of phenobarbital (24 mg/egg) on day 21, enzyme activities of ECOD, EROD, ALD, EH and GLUT, but not of GST, were increased by two-fold or higher levels by day 22. In contrast, acute administration of 3-methylcholanthrene (5 mg/egg) induced only ECOD and EROD activities. Bioactivation of structurally diverse pro-carcinogens was also examined using 32P-postlabeling for DNA adducts. In ovo exposure of turkey embryos on day 20 of gestation to 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), 4,4’-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) resulted in the formation of DNA adducts in livers collected by day 21. Some of the DNA adducts had 32P-postlabeling chromatographic migration patterns similar to DNA adducts found in livers from Fischer F344 rats exposed to the same pro-carcinogens. We conclude that 21-day embryonic turkey liver is capable of chemical biotransformation and activation of genotoxic carcinogens to form DNA adducts. Thus, turkey embryos could be utilized to investigate potential chemical toxicity and carcinogenicity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA

    Carmen E. Perrone, Jian Dong Duan, Alan M. Jeffrey & Gary M. Williams

  2. Institute of Toxicology, Bayer AG, 42096 , Wuppertal, Germany

    Hans-Juergen Ahr & Ulrich Schmidt

  3. Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany

    Harald H. Enzmann

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  1. Carmen E. Perrone
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  2. Hans-Juergen Ahr
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  3. Jian Dong Duan
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  4. Alan M. Jeffrey
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  6. Gary M. Williams
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  7. Harald H. Enzmann
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Correspondence to Carmen E. Perrone.

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Perrone, C.E., Ahr, HJ., Duan, J.D. et al. Embryonic turkey liver: activities of biotransformation enzymes and activation of DNA-reactive carcinogens. Arch Toxicol 78, 589–598 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-004-0580-1

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