Abstract
Acinetobacter species encode for extracellularly secreted Biofilm-associated protein (Bap), a multi-domain protein with variable molecular weights reaching several hundred kilodaltons. Bap is crucial for the development of multi-dimensional structures of mature biofilms. In our investigation, we analyzed 7338 sequences of A. baumannii from the NCBI database and found that Bap or Bap-like protein (BLP) was present in 6422 (87.52%) isolates. Further classification revealed that 12.12% carried Type-1 Bap, 68.44% had Type-2, 6.91% had Type-3, 0.05% had Type-6 or SDF-Type, and 12.51% lacked Bap or BLP. The majority of isolates with Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3 Bap belonged to ST1, ST2, and ST25, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Type-1 Bap is the most ancient, while Type-3 and SDF-Type have evolved recently. Studying the interaction of predicted Bap structures with human CEACAM-1 and PIgR showed that Bap with its BIg13 and BIg6 domains interact with the N-terminal domain of CEACAM-1, involving Arg43 and Glu40, involved in CEACAM-1 dimerization. Also, we found that recently evolved Type-3 and SDF-Type Bap showed greater interaction with CEACAM-1 and PIgR. It can be asserted that the evolution of Bap has conferred enhanced virulence characteristics to A. baumannii with increased interaction with CEACAM-1 and PIgR. Using in silico approaches, this study explores the evolutionary, physicochemical, and structural features of A. baumannii Bap and unravels its crucial role in mediating interaction with human CEACAM-1 and PIgR through detailed structure modelling. These findings advance our understanding of A. baumannii Bap and highlight its role in pathogenesis.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India. KU acknowledges the University Grant Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, for providing fellowship.
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KU, RK, QMR, and RS conceived and designed the study. KU and RK performed the experiments. KU, RK, and RS analyzed the data. KU RK and RS drafted the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.
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Upmanyu, K., Kumar, R., Rizwanul Haque, Q.M. et al. Exploring the evolutionary and pathogenic role of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm-associated protein (Bap) through in silico structural modeling. Arch Microbiol 206, 267 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-024-03992-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-024-03992-8