Abstract
Due to their non-toxic and non-carcinogenic nature, biopigments have a phenomenal benefit over synthetic pigments, making them a desirable source for human utilization and a potential alternative to traditional synthetic pigments that are hazardous to the environment and public health. Endosymbiotic interactions between mangrove plants and bacteria could provide an alternate source for the synthesis of unique compounds with potent biomedical applications. Pigmented endophytic bacteria were screened from the explants of Avicennia marina, a mangrove plant, and identified as Micrococcus luteus by molecular characterization. The intracellular pigment was successfully extracted using the sonication-assisted solvent extraction method, and screening factors impacting the pigmentation bioprocess were determined using a one-factor-at-a-time approach. The endophyte produced yellow pigment in the liquid medium, with the maximum growth and pigment production recorded in nutrient broth at 37 ℃ and pH 7 after 96 h of incubation, while the maximum accumulation of pigment was observed in the media supplemented with glucose and tryptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The extracted crude pigment was further characterized by ultraviolet, followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The obtained crude pigment has been evaluated for its antioxidant and anticancer activity by various assays, such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP assay, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radical scavenging, metal chelating activity, phosphomolybdenum assay, and MTT assay, respectively, at varying concentrations. The results of our study revealed that the yellow pigment produced by the endophyte showed significant dose-dependent antioxidant and anticancer activity.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank RUSA 2.0—BCTRC and DST-FIST supported Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, for providing the suitable research environment and the required instrumentation facilities.
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This work was supported by RUSA 2.0—BCTRC (Bharathiar Cancer Theranostics Research Centre), Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India. Grant Number: BU/RUSA2.0/BCTRC/2020/BCTRC-CT15.
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Gayathri Devi Kandasamy performed the experiments, interpreted the results, and wrote the manuscript. Dr. Preethi Kathirvel, the corresponding author, designed the study and proofread and approved the final manuscript.
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Kandasamy, G.D., Kathirvel, P. Production, characterization and in vitro biological activities of crude pigment from endophytic Micrococcus luteus associated with Avicennia marina. Arch Microbiol 206, 26 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03751-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03751-1