Abstract
Bone is a kind of meat processing by-product with high nutritional value but low in calorie, which is a typical food in China and parts of East Asian countries. Microbial fermentation by lactic acid bacteria showed remarkable advantages to increase the absorption of nutrients from bone cement by human body. Streptococcus thermophilus CICC 20372 is proven to be a good starter for bone cement fermentation. No genes encoding virulence traits or virulence factors were found in the genome of S. thermophilus CICC 20372 by a thorough genomic analysis. Its notable absence of antibiotic resistance further solidifies the safety. Furthermore, the genomic analysis identified four types of gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites. A comparative metabolomic analysis was performed by cultivating the strain in bone cement at 37 °C for 72 h, with the culture in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium as control. Metabolome analysis results highlighted the upregulation of pathways involved in 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, amino acid synthesis, and nucleotide metabolism during bone cement fermentation. S. thermophilus CICC 20372 produces several metabolites with health-promoting function during bone cement fermentation, including indole-3-lactic acid, which is demonstrated ameliorative effects on intestinal inflammation, tumor growth, and gut dysbiosis. In addition, lots of nucleotide and organic acids were accumulated at higher levels, which enriched the fermented bone cement with a variety of nutrients. Collectively, these features endow S. thermophilus CICC 20372 a great potential strain for bone food processing.
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Data availability
The genome sequence data that support the findings of this study are deposited in GenBank with the accession number CP132900.1.
Change history
08 January 2024
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03822-3
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This research was supported by Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Technology Research and Development Project of China (No. 2022JBGS0007).
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Conceived of or designed study: QL and BY; Performed research: RL and YH; Analyzed data: YX, JZ, and YL; Draft the paper: RL, YH; Writing—review and editing: QL and BY.
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Li, R., Hu, Y., Xu, Y. et al. Safety assessment, whole genome sequence, and metabolome analysis of Streptococcus thermophilus CICC 20372 for bone cement fermentation. Arch Microbiol 206, 21 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03737-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03737-z