Abstract
Industrial tobacco waste was mainly treated via a reconstituted tobacco process using the paper-making method, which involves aqueous concentrated tobacco waste extract (cTWE) fermentation (aging). The fermentation was done to improve the quality of reconstituted tobacco. However, cTWE is a multi-stress environment that is characterized by low pH (about 4), as well as high sugar (above 150 g/L) and nicotine (above 15 g/L) content. In this study, a specific selection strategy was used to successfully isolate multi-stress-resistant bacterial or fungal strains, that exhibited positive effects on cTWE fermentation, thereby improving the quality of final products. A potential strain Zygosaccharomyces parabailii MC-5K3 was used for the bioaugmentation of cTWE fermentation and it significantly influenced the microbial diversity of the fermented cTWE. Zygosaccharomyces was observed to be the only dominant fungal genus instead of some pathogenic bacterial genera, with an abundance of over 95% after four days, and still more than 80% after a week. Meanwhile, metabolomics profiling showed significant concentration decrease with regard to some flavor-improving relative metabolites, such as 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (log2FC = − 5.25) and sorbitol (log2FC = − 5.54). This finding is extrapolated to be the key influence factor on the quality of the fermented cTWE. The correlation analysis also showed that the alterations in microbial diversity in the fermented cTWE led to some important differential metabolite changes, which finally improved various properties of tobacco products.
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Data availability
Please contact the corresponding author for data requests. The metadata for microbial diversity in cTWE could be downloaded from SRA database with SRA accession numbers: SRR22366391 (Control_0d), SRR22366392 (Control_4d), SRR22366393 (Control_7d), SRR22366394 (MC_5K3_4d), SRR22366395 (MC_5K3_7d).
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The authors would like to express their gratitude to EditSprings (https://www.editsprings.cn/) for the expert linguistic services provided.
Funding
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31970104) and the Key Science and Technology Project of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd. (No. ZJZY2019C002).
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SM: Writing, visualization, investigation; YY: writing-review and editing; PF: data collection; BT: design experiments; LQ: methodology. LF: review this draft; HW: methodology; LS: product evaluation; XJ: writing-original draft, writing-review and editing, visualization; HT: bioinformatic analysis, writing-original draft, visualization; QP: writing-review and editing; ZW: conceptualization, supervision, project administration, writing-review and editing, funding acquisition.
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Shu, M., Yang, Y., Pan, F. et al. Effects of the multi-stress-resistant strain Zygosaccharomyces parabailii MC-5K3 bioaugmentation on microbial communities and metabolomics in tobacco waste extract. Arch Microbiol 205, 299 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03628-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03628-3