Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Deep sequencing of the Sanghuangporus vaninii transcriptome reveals dynamic landscapes of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of active compounds

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The medicinal fungus Sanghuang produces diverse bioactive compounds and is widely used in Asian countries. However, little is known about the genes and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of these active compounds. Based on our previous study providing Sanghuangporus vaninii genomic information, the transcriptomes of MY (mycelium), OY (1-year-old fruiting bodies), and TY (3-year-old fruiting bodies) were determined in this study. A significant number of genes (4774) were up- or downregulated between mycelium and fruiting bodies, but only 1422 differentially expressed genes were detected between OY and TY. 138 genes encoding P450s were identified in the fungal genome and grouped into 25 P450 families; more than 64% (88) of the genes were significantly differentially expressed between the mycelium and fruiting body, suggesting that these P450s are involved in fungal sexual development. Importantly, the expression of genes involved in bioactive compound (triterpenoids, polysaccharides, and flavonoids) biosynthesis in asexual (cultured with solid and liquid media) and sexual stages was explored and combined with transcriptome and quantitative PCR analyses. More genes involved in the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds were expressed more highly in mycelium than in fruiting bodies under liquid medium culture compared with solid medium culture, which was consistent with the yields of different bioactive compounds, suggesting that liquid fermentation of S. vaninii Kangneng can be used to obtain these bioactive compounds. A comprehensive understanding of the genomic information of S. vaninii will facilitate its potential use in pharmacological and industrial applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig.6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Audic SP, Claverie JM (1997) The significance of digital gene expression profiles. Genome Res 7:986–995

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cai C, Ma J, Han C, Jin Y, Zhao G, He X (2019) Extraction and antioxidant activity of total triterpenoids in the mycelium of a medicinal fungus, Sanghuangporus sanghuang. Sci Rep UK 9:7418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen S, Xu J, Liu C, Zhu Y, Nelson DR, Zhou S, Li C, Wang L, Guo X, Sun Y, Luo H, Li Y, Song J, Henrissat B, Levasseur A, Qian J, Li J, Luo X, Shi L, He L, Xiang L, Xu X, Niu Y, Li Q, Han MV, Yan H, Zhang J, Chen H, Lv A, Wang Z, Liu M, Schwartz DC, Sun C (2012) Genome sequence of the model medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Nat Commun 3:913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Lee MK, Jefcoate C, Kim SC, Chen F, Yu JH (2014) Fungal cytochrome p450 monooxygenases: their distribution, structure, functions, family expansion, and evolutionary origin. Genome Biol Evol 6:1620–1634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas CM (2001) Fungal beta(1,3)-D-glucan synthesis. Med Mycol 39:55–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirosue S, Tazaki M, Hiratsuka N, Yanai S, Kabumoto H, Shinkyo R, Arisawa A, Sakaki T, Tsunekawa H, Johdo O, Ichinose H (2011) Insight into functional diversity of cytochrome P450 in the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium: involvement of versatile monooxygenase. Biochem Bioph Res Co 407:118–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang HJ, Kim SW, Lim JM, Joo JH, Kim HO, Kim HM, Yun JW (2005) Hypoglycemic effect of crude exopolysaccharides produced by a medicinal mushroom Phellinus baumii in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 76:3069–3080

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ide M, Ichinose H, Wariishi H (2012) Molecular identification and functional characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from the brown-rot basidiomycete Postia placenta. Arch Microbiol 194:243–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikekawa T, Nakanishi M, Uehara N, Chihara G, Fukuoka F (1968) Antitumor action of some basidiomycetes, especially Phellinus linteus. GANN Jpn J Cancer Res 59:155–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li T, Wu D, Yang Y, Chen L (2019) Review on structural characteristics and biological activities of Phellinus polysaccharides. AIP Conf Proc 2058:020032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin WC, Deng JS, Huang SS, Wu SH, Chen CC, Lin WR, Lin HY, Huang GJ (2017) Anti-inflammatory activity of Sanghuangporus sanghuang mycelium. Int J Mol Sci 18:347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mortazavi A, Williams BA, McCue K, Schaeffer L, Wold B (2008) Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq. Nat Methods 5:621–628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Boronat A (2002) Elucidation of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria and plastids. A metabolic milestone achieved through genomics. Plant Physiol 130:1079–1089

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito K, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Nakabayashi R, Higashi Y, Yamazaki M, Tohge T, Fernie AR (2013) The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis: structural and genetic diversity. Plant Physiol Bioch 72:21–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shahinian S, Bussey H (2000) beta-1,6-glucan synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 35:477–489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shao Y, Guo H, Zhang J, Liu H, Wang K, Zuo S, Xu P, Xia Z, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Wang X, Chen A, Wang Y (2019) The genome of the medicinal macrofungus sanghuang provides insights into the synthesis of diverse secondary metabolites. Front Microbiol 10:3035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shibata S, Nishikawa Y, Cheng FM, Fukuoka F, Nakanishi M (1968) Antitumor studies on some extracts of Basidiomycetes. GANN Jpn J Cancer Res 59:159–161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian V, Yadav JS (2009) Role of P450 monooxygenases in the degradation of the endocrine-disrupting chemical nonylphenol by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:5570–5580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki H, MacDonald J, Syed K, Salamov A, Hori C, Aerts A, Henrissat B, Wiebenga A, vanKuyk PA, Barry K, Lindquist E, LaButti K, Lapidus A, Lucas S, Coutinho P, Gong Y, Samejima M, Mahadevan R, Abou-Zaid M, Vries RPd, Igarashi K, Yadav JS, Grigoriev IV, Master aER, (2013) Comparative genomics of the white-rot fungi, Phanerochaete carnosa and P. chrysosporium, to elucidate the genetic basis of the distinct wood types they colonize. BMC Genom 13:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Syed K, Yadav JS (2012) P450 monooxygenases (P450ome) of the model white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Crit Rev Microbiol 38:339–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang GJ, Tsai TH, Chang TT, Chou CJ, Lin LC (2009) Lanostanes from Phellinus igniarius and their iNOS inhibitory activities. Planta Med 75:1602–1607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Yu JX, Zhang CL, Li P, Zhao YS, Zhang MH, Zhou PG (2012) Influence of flavonoids from Phellinus igniarius on sturgeon caviar: antioxidant effects and sensory characteristics. Food Chem 131:206–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZB, Pei JJ, Ma HL, Cai PF, Yan JK (2014) Effect of extraction media on preliminary characterizations and antioxidant activities of Phellinus linteus polysaccharides. Carbohyd Polym 109:49–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YL, Wang ZX, Liu C, Wang SB, Huang B (2015) Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in the sexual stage of the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris. Fungal Biol UK 119:1246–1254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu SH, Dai YC, Hattori T, Yu TW, Wang DM, Parmasto E, Chang HY, Shih SY (2012) Species clarification for the medicinally valuable ‘sanghuang’ mushroom. Bot Stud 53:135–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu MD, Cheng MJ, Chen YL, Chan HY, Hsieh SY, Chen IC, Wu PH, Wu SH (2019) Secondary metabolites from the fermented whole broth of fungal strain Sanghuangporus sanghuang. Chem Nat Comp 55:36–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan JK, Wang YY, Ma HL, Wang ZB (2016) Ultrasonic effects on the degradation kinetics, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus mycelia. Ultrason Sonochem 29:251–257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan JK, Pei JJ, Ma HL, Wang ZB, Liu YS (2017) Advances in antitumor polysaccharides from phellinus sensu lato: production, isolation, structure, antitumor activity, and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci 57:1256–1269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin Y, Yu G, Chen Y, Jiang S, Wang M, Jin Y, Lan X, Liang Y, Sun H (2012) Genome-wide transcriptome and proteome analysis on different developmental stages of Cordyceps militaris. PLoS One 7:e51853

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Ma H, Liu W, Pei J, Wang Z, Zhou H, Yan J (2014) Ultrasound enhanced production and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from mycelial fermentation of Phellinus igniarius. Carbohyd Polym 113:380–387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou LW, Vlasák J, Decock C, Assefa A, Stenlid J, Abate D, Wu SH, Dai YC (2015) Global diversity and taxonomy of the Inonotus linteus complex (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): Sanghuangporus gen. nov. Tropicoporus excentrodendri and T. guanacastensis gen. et spp. nov. and 17 new combinations. Fungal Divers 77:335–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu LIN, Xing JH, Cui BK (2017) Morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis reveal a new species of Sanghuangporus from China. Phytotaxa 311:270–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu L, Song J, Zhou JL, Si J, Cui BK (2019) Species diversity, phylogeny, divergence time, and biogeography of the genus Sanghuangporus (Basidiomycota). Front Microbiol 10:812

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Nature Science Found of Anhui province (1808085QH250), National Natural Science Found of China (82004139, 81703109 and 81873139) and Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui Agricultural University (Grant No. yj2019-09) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M671838).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, China

    Qiumei Zhou, Jiuxiang Wang & Hui Jiang

  2. Clinical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Bianqiao Town, Bianqiao, 273305, China

    Gaofei Wang

  3. Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China

    Yulong Wang

Authors
  1. Qiumei Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jiuxiang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hui Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gaofei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yulong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

YW and QZ designed experiments. QZ, JW, HJ, GW, and YW collected samples. QZ and JW conducted experiments. QZ and HJ conducted data analysis. QZ, JW, HJ, GW, and YW drafted the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yulong Wang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Additional information

Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (XLSX 555 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhou, Q., Wang, J., Jiang, H. et al. Deep sequencing of the Sanghuangporus vaninii transcriptome reveals dynamic landscapes of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of active compounds. Arch Microbiol 203, 2315–2324 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02225-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02225-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation