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Physiological and metabolic analysis of nitrate reduction on poly-gamma-glutamic acid synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02

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An Erratum to this article was published on 01 October 2014

Abstract

Nitrate is an important nitrogen source for organism, but whether and how nitrate improves poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) production of bacterial is not clear. The effect of nitrate on γ-PGA production of Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 was investigated. By addition of 50 mmol/L nitrate, the γ-PGA yield reached 12.3 ± 0.21 g/L, which increased 2.3-fold compared to the control. The mechanism of enhanced γ-PGA production was further investigated by analysis of nitrate reduction, physiology, pyruvate overflow metabolism and energy synthesis. Nitrate reduction was only carried out in the middle stage of γ-PGA fermentation. The result of consumption of nutrients showed that glucose uptake was not effected and the l-glutamic acid utilization efficiency increased from 48.3 to 77.0 %. The date of overflow metabolism obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the metabolism of pyruvate, formate, lactate and acetoin was both heightened by nitrate reduction, while the 2,3-butanediol biosynthesis was decreased. Meanwhile, the change of energy indicated that more ATP was synthesized during nitrate reduction. In summary, nitrate was a positive effector of γ-PGA biosynthesis in B. licheniformis WX-02 and nitrate reduction affected multi-metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, overflow metabolism and energy metabolism.

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Acknowledgments

This work was kindly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31170046), Key Science & Technology Specific Projects in Wuhan and the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology in Wuhan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Xin Li, Xiangyong Gou, Dan Long, Zhixia Ji, Lifang Hu & Shouwen Chen

  2. Institute of Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People’s Republic of China

    Xin Li

  3. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People’s Republic of China

    Shouwen Chen

  4. Institute of Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Dihong Xu

  5. School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People’s Republic of China

    Jun Liu

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  1. Xin Li
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  2. Xiangyong Gou
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Correspondence to Xin Li.

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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

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Li, X., Gou, X., Long, D. et al. Physiological and metabolic analysis of nitrate reduction on poly-gamma-glutamic acid synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02. Arch Microbiol 196, 791–799 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-1014-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-1014-y

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