Chlorosis during nitrogen starvation is altered by carbon dioxide and temperature status and is mediated by the ClpP1 protease in Synechococcus elongatus

Abstract

The interactive effects of inorganic carbon status, temperature and light on chlorosis induced by nitrogen deficiency, and the roles of Clp proteases in this process were investigated. In wild-type cultures grown in high or ambient CO₂, following transfer to media lacking combined nitrogen, phycocyanin per cell dropped primarily through dilution of the pigment through cell division, and also suffered variable degrees of net degradation. When grown at high CO₂ (5%), chlorophyll (Chl) suffered net degradation to a greater extent than phycocyanin. In marked contrast, growth at ambient CO₂ resulted in Chl per cell dropping through dilution. Conditions that drove net Chl degradation in the wild-type resulted in little or no net Chl degradation in a clpPI inactivation mutant, with Chl content dropping largely through growth dilution in the mutant. The chlorotic response of a clpPII inactivation strain was nearly the same as that of wild-type, although phycocyanin degradation may have been slightly accelerated in the former.