Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design and optimization of three dimensional multi-load wireless transfer system

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Electrical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, a three dimensional multi-load wireless power transfer (WPT) system is designed and optimized for the sensor network which has the characteristics of large number, low power consumption, and wide spatial distribution. Firstly, a new structure of three-dimensional multi-load WPT system is proposed and its circuit model is established, and the influencing factors of transmission efficiency and power are analyzed. Then, the magnetic coupling structure is specifically designed, and a toroidal spiral coil structure is proposed, which is used as repeating coil and several receiving coils nested to form the receiving side. The magnetic field simulation of the new coil structure is analyzed by Ansys. The 3D WPT system prototype can transmit power up to 2 W at a transmission distance of 20 cm. When the receiving side is connected to a single load, the maximum transmission efficiency is 44%, and the fluctuation of transmission efficiency with revolution is reduced by changing the current phase, and the energy transmission blind area is eliminated. When the receiving side is connected to multiple loads, the output power of each load reaches 2 W at 92% test points in the spherical space of the transmitting side, which meets the power consumption requirements of the sensor equipment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig.4
Fig.5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

\(Tx\) :

Transmitting coil

\(Rx\) :

Receiving coil

\(R_{P}\) :

Trunk coil

\(Lx,Ly,Lz\) :

Self-inductance of the three transmitting coils

\(L_{Rp}\) :

Self-inductance of trunk coil

\(L_{Rx}\) :

Self-inductance of the receiving coil

\(C_{x} ,C_{y} ,C_{z}\) :

Resonant capacitance of the three transmitting coils

\(C_{Rp}\) :

Resonant capacitance of the trunk coil

\(C_{Rx}\) :

Resonant capacitance of the receiving coil

\(R_{L}\) :

Load resistance

\(M_{1} ,M_{2} ,M_{3}\) :

Mutual inductance between the three transmitting coils and the trunk coil

\(M_{Rx,i}\) :

Mutual inductance between receiving coil and trunk coil

\(U_{x} ,U_{y} ,U_{z}\) :

Transmitting side voltage

\(I_{x} ,I_{y} ,I_{z}\) :

Transmitting coil current

\(I_{Rp}\) :

Receiving coil current

\(I_{Rx}\) :

Trunk coil current

\(R_{eq}\) :

Equivalent resistance

\(\eta\) :

System transmission efficiency

\(P_{out}\) :

System transmission power

\(\eta{\prime}\) :

The total transmission efficiency of the system with n receiving coils

\(P_{out}{\prime}\) :

The total transmission power of the system with n receiving coils

\(k_{Rp - Rx}\) :

The coupling coefficient between the receiving coil and the trunk coil

\(k_{Tx - Rp}\) :

Coupling coefficient between transmitting coil and trunk coil

References

  1. Zhiling R, Guangquan Z, Lin D (2018) Overview of wireless sensor network applications. Sens Microsyst 37(03):1–2

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chengda Li, Jing Z, Mingming G (2007) Overview of wireless sensor networks and their applications. J Chengdu Electron Mech College 40(03):10–14

    Google Scholar 

  3. Han R, Zhang Y, Zhao Z et al (2021) Research on self-powered technology of farmland wireless sensor based on environmental micro energy. Int Things Technol 11(10):80–82

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gong R (2014) Research on wireless sensor networks with wireless power supply. Harbin university of science and technology.

  5. Lin K (2017) Research on link optimization and power control strategy of wireless power supply sensor networks. China university of mining and technology.

  6. Sun Z, Zheng Z, JI K (2018) Design of solar power supply system for wireless sensor networks. Wirel Commun Technol 27(04):12–16

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fan X, Mo X, Zhang X (2015) Research status and application of radio energy transmission technology. Proceed CSEE 35(10):2584–2600

    Google Scholar 

  8. Li J, Yang Y, Yan H et al (2020) Quasi-omnidirectional wireless power transfer for a sensor system. IEEE Sens J 20(11):6148–6159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Duan Z, Tao L, Zhang X (2019) Energy efficient data collection and directional wireless power transfer in rechargeable sensor networks. IEEE Access 7:178466–178475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Tan Z, Zhang W, Wang R et al (2020) Research review of wireless charging technology for electric vehicles. Smart Power 48(04):42–47+111

    Google Scholar 

  11. Xie W, Chen W (2020) Research progress of omnidirectional radio energy transmission technology. Autom Elect Power Syst 44(4):202–215

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lin D, Zhang C, Hui SYR (2016) Mathematical analysis of omnidirectional wireless power transfer—Part-I: two-dimensional systems. IEEE Trans Power Electron 32(1):625–633

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Lin D, Zhang C, Hui SYR (2016) Mathematic analysis of omnidirectional wireless power transfer—Part-II three-dimensional systems. IEEE Trans Power Electron 32(1):613–624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ng WM, Zhang C, Lin D et al (2014) Two-and three-dimensional omnidirectional wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Trans Power Electron 29(9):4470–4474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kim J, Kim DH, Choi J et al (2015) Free-positioning wireless charging system for small electronic devices using a bowl-shaped transmitting coil[J]. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 63(3):791–800

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Feng J, Li Q, Lee FC (2017) Omnidirecitional wireless power transfer for portable devices. IEEE applied power electronics conference and exposition (APEC). IEEE, 2017: 1675–1681

  17. Choi BH, Lee ES, Sohn YH et al (2015) Six degrees of freedom mobile inductive power transfer by crossed dipole Tx and Rx coils. IEEE Trans Power Electron 31(4):3252–3272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Feng T, Sun Y, Wang Z et al (2022) Full angle migration adaptive WPT system based on annular dipole combined coil and three-dimensional rotating magnetic field. Proceed CSEE 42(16):6104–6115+6184

    Google Scholar 

  19. Huang J, Zhou Y, Ning Z, Gharavi H (2019) Wireless power transfer and energy harvesting: current status and future prospects. IEEE Wirel Commun 26(4):163–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu R, Rong C, Lu C et al (2022) Modified tri-axial square Helmholtz coil for omnidirectional wireless power transfer. Electr Eng 104:4347–4356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang X, Xu J (2023) Design and implementation of an underwater spatial omnidirectional wireless power transfer system. Electr Eng 105:3347–3362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Mo Y, Feng T, Xiao J, Wang Z, Wu X, Sun Y (2022) A 3-D Rotating magnetic field modulation method for omnidirectional wireless power transfer systems, In: IEEE 9th international conference on power electronics systems and applications (PESA).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China

    Jianghua Lu, Haojie Ke & Shixiong Sun

Authors
  1. Jianghua Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haojie Ke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shixiong Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

L.J. wrote the main manuscript text and prepared all the figures . All authors reviewed the manuscript

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haojie Ke.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lu, J., Ke, H. & Sun, S. Design and optimization of three dimensional multi-load wireless transfer system. Electr Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-024-02443-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-024-02443-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation