Abstract
Wireless power transmission (WPT) has gained considerable attention in recent years due to its convenience. Moreover, various research especially 3D coil structure studies in WPT are emerging through continuous research. However, most of these power sources are too volumetric to charge mobile devices, and the recently proposed 3D couple magnetic resonance system (CMRS) represents not only a lower power transmission efficiency (PTE) than the 2D system, but the PTE decreases sharply as the distance between the coils increases. To improve these drawbacks, this study proposes a novel approach to power mobile devices using a 3D spiral coil structure and a double transmitter coil system simultaneously. The mathematical model is presented, and three different coil structures are designed to evaluate the most power-efficient 3D coil structure. The proposed model is obtained and verified based on the simulation and experiment results. The result showed that when the distance between coils is the closest (8 mm), the PTE was 55.77%, which is improvement compared to that of the pervious 3D CMRS studies. Moreover, the PTE did not decrease sharply since our proposed system has the double resonance frequencies. Mathematical model, simulation, and experiment are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed model.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Choi J, Choi J, Gu H, Son H, Yoon J (2014) Wireless power transmission theory and practice. Hongreung Publishing Company, Seoul, pp 107–109
Kurs A, Karalis A, Moffatt R, Joannopoulos JD, Fisher P, Soljačić M (2007) Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances. Science 317(5834):83–86
Zakerian A, Vaez-Zadeh S, Babaki A (2020) A dynamic WPT system with high efficiency and high power factor for electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Power Electron 35(7):6732–6740
Cruciani S, Campi T, Maradei F, Feliziani M (2020) Active shielding applied to an electrified road in a dynamic wireless power transfer (WPT) system. Energies 13(10):2522
Petrascu C, Tulbure A, Topa V (2019) Automated 3D scanner for electromagnetic radiation assessment near the WPT active part. In: 2019 8th international conference on modern power systems (MPS), Cluj Napoca, Romania, pp 1–4
Brizi D, Fontana N, Tucci M, Barmada S, Monorchio A (2020) A spiral resonators passive array for inductive wireless power transfer applications with low exposure to near electric field. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 62(4):1312–1322
Namadmalan A, Jaafari B, Iqbal A, Al-Hitmi M (2020) Design optimization of inductive power transfer systems considering bifurcation and equivalent AC resistance for spiral coils. IEEE Access 8:141584–141593
Huang Z, Wong S, Tse CK (2019) An inductive-power-transfer converter with high efficiency throughout battery-charging process. IEEE Trans Power Electron 34(10):10245–10255
Chen Y et al (2020) A hybrid inductive power transfer system with misalignment tolerance using quadruple-D quadrature pads. IEEE Trans Power Electron 35(6):6039–6049
Mude KN, Aditya K (2019) Comprehensive review and analysis of two-element resonant compensation topologies for wireless inductive power transfer systems. Chin J Electr Eng 5(2):14–31
Kuperman A (2020) Additional two-capacitor basic compensation topologies for resonant inductive WPT links. In: IEEE transactions on power delivery, p 1
Haruna J, Kavimandan UD, Onar O, Galigekere VP, Pries J (2020) Sensitivity analysis of compensation topologies for dynamic WPT system. In: 2020 IEEE transportation electrification conference and expo (ITEC), Chicago, IL, USA, pp.284–289
Chen J et al (2020) Free-positioning wireless power transfer system based on one-to-multiple topology. IEEE Trans Power Electron 35(10):9959–9964
Liu Y, Feng H (2019) Maximum efficiency tracking control method for WPT system based on dynamic coupling coefficient identification and impedance matching network. In: IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, December 2020
Li Y, Zhao J, Yang Q, Liu L, Ma J, Zhang X (2019) A novel coil with high misalignment tolerance for wireless power transfer. IEEE Trans Magn 55(6):1–4
Castillo-Zamora IU, Huynh PS, Vincent D, Perez-Pinal FJ, Rodriguez-Licea MA, Williamson SS (2019) Hexagonal geometry coil for a WPT high-power fast charging application. IEEE Trans Transp Electrification 5(4):946–956
Irshad T, Ishak D, Samsudin NA (2019) Four coil wireless power transfer system using magnetic resonance coupling. In: 10th international conference on robotics, vision, signal processing and power applications lecture notes in electrical engineering, vol 547, pp 179–184
Seo D (2019) Comparative analysis of two- and three-coil WPT systems based on transmission efficiency. IEEE Access 7:151962–151970
Lee H, Boo S, Kim G, Lee B (2019) Optimization of excitation magnitudes and phases for maximum efficiencies in a MISO wireless power transfer system. J Electromagn Eng Sci 20(1):16–22
Li Y, Dong W, Yang Q, Jiang S, Ni X, Liu J (2020) Automatic impedance matching method with adaptive network based fuzzy inference system for WPT. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 16(2):1076–1085
Liu Y, Feng H (2020) Maximum efficiency tracking control method for WPT system based on dynamic coupling coefficient identification and impedance matching network. IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Power Electron 8(4):3633–3643
Liu W, Chau KT, Lee CHT, Jiang C, Han W, Lam WH (2019) Multi-frequency multi-power one-to-many wireless power transfer system. IEEE Trans Magn 55(7):1–9
Liu F, Yang Y, Ding Z, Chen X, Kennel RM (2018) A multifrequency superposition methodology to achieve high efficiency and targeted power distribution for a multiload MCR WPT system. IEEE Trans Power Electron 33(10):9005–9016
Choi BH, Nam YH, Lee JH (2018) Improved degree of freedom of magnetic induction wireless charging coil using proposed double coil. J Korean Inst Electromagn Eng Sci 29(12):907–914
Zhang X, Liu F, Mei T (2021) Multifrequency phase-shifted control for multiphase multiload MCR WPT system to achieve targeted power distribution and high misalignment tolerance. IEEE Trans Power Electron 36(1):991–1003
Han H, Mao Z, Zhu Q, Su M, Hu AP (2019) A 3D wireless charging cylinder with stable rotating magnetic field for multi-load application. IEEE Access 7:35981–35997
Chabalko MJ, Sample AP (2015) Three-dimensional charging via multimode resonant cavity enabled wireless power transfer. IEEE Trans Power Electron 30(11):6163–6173
Pires D, Belo D, Jordão M, Pinho P, de Carvalho NB 3D antenna array for SWIPT sensing with WPT capabilities. In: 2020 14th European conference on antennas and propagation (EuCAP), Copenhagen, Denmark
Feng J, Li Q, Lee FC (2017) Omnidirecitional wireless power transfer for portable devices. In: 2017 IEEE applied power electronics conference and exposition (APEC), Tampa, FL, pp 1675–1681
Feng J, Li Q, Lee FC, Fu M (2019) Transmitter coils design for free-positioning omnidirectional wireless power transfer system. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 15(8):4656–4664
Hou T, Song Y, Elkhuizen WS, Jiang J, Geraedts JMP (2018) 3D wireless power transfer based on 3D printed electronics. In: 2018 IEEE 14th international conference on automation science and engineering (CASE), Munich, 2018, pp 499–505
Lotfi AW, Gradzki PM, Lee FC (1992) Proximity effects in coils for high frequency power applications. IEEE Trans Magn 28(5):2169–2171
Choi BH, Lee JH (2016) Design of asymmetrical relay resonators for maximum efficiency of wireless power transfer. Int J Antennas Propag 2016:8247476
Gwon G-J, Kwon Y (2020) Three-dimensional magnetic resonant coil system with double transmitter coil for enhancement of wireless charging efficiency and charging flexibility. Korea Acad Ind Cooper Soc 21(9):9–16
Bill Johns KS, Tony A (2012) Designing a Qi-compliant Qi receiver coil for wireless power systems, Part 1, vol 1. Texas instruments Inc., Dallas, pp 8–14
Waffenschmidt E (2015) Homogeneous magnetic coupling for free positioning in an inductive wireless power system. IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Power Electron 3(1):226–233
Nasim I, Kim S (2019) Human EMF exposure in wearable networks for Internet of Battlefield Things. In: MILCOM 2019—2019 IEEE military communications conference (MILCOM), Norfolk, VA, USA, pp 1–6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gwon, GJ., Kwon, Y. Enhancement of Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency and Flexibility via an Optimized Three-Dimensional Coupled Magnetic Resonance System with Double Transmitter Coil. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 16, 1415–1426 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-021-00700-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-021-00700-0