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Grid connected electric vehicle charging and discharging rate management with balance grid load

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Abstract

An adaptable infrastructure for dynamic power control (AIDPC) of battery chargers for electric vehicles has been proposed in this work. The battery power is dynamically adjusted by utilizing flexible active load management when the vehicle is plugged in. The battery charging and discharging prototype model is developed for storing the surplus power during the off-peak period and delivering the power during the shortfall of the grid. The development and adoption of two charging strategies, namely the constant current (CC) charging and the proposed dynamic constant current (DCC) charging, has been elaborated. When the Grid to Vehicle (G2V) operation mode is active in the CC charging method, the batteries are charged from the power grid with a constant amplitude sinusoidal current and unity power factor. In the proposed method of DCC, the batteries are charged from the grid with a decreased amplitude in sinusoidal current and unity power factor, and the battery charges from the dynamic dc link voltage. The battery charging and discharging depends upon the rate of change of dc link voltage according to the load variation of the grid. The simulation and experimental results support the rapid time response of the (AIDPC) load profile of the electrical system experiences a new peak due to the CC charging method. On the other hand, the vehicle scheduling algorithm successfully draws less power from the grid when the DCC charging method is used.

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Abbreviations

PEV:

Plug-in electric vehicles

BESS:

Battery energy storage system

G2V:

Grid to vehicle

V2G:

Vehicle to grid

CC–CV:

Constant current constant voltage

DCC–CV:

Dynamic constant current–constant voltage

DR:

Demand response

DT:

Distribution transformer

PLL:

Phase-locked loop

SOC:

State of charge

UPM:

Unused power mode

DPM:

Deficient power mode

CC:

Constant current

CV:

Constant voltage

CP:

Constant power

\({P}_{\mathrm{grid}}\) :

Grid power

\({P}_{\mathrm{load}}\) :

Load power

\({V}_{g}\) :

Transformer voltage

\({I}_{\mathrm{BESS}}\) :

Grid side current for battery energy storage system

\({P}_{\mathrm{BESS},\mathrm{ avail}}^{*}\) :

Power available for battery energy storage system

\({P}_{\mathrm{DTR}}\) :

Power of distribution transformer

\({V}_{m}\) :

The peak voltage of grid

\({P}_{\mathrm{DC}}^{*}\) :

Power of dc-link voltage

\({V}_{\mathrm{DC}}\) :

Dc-link voltage

\({P}_{\mathrm{batt}}^{*}\) :

The output of battery power

\({\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}\) :

Charging efficiency of the converter

\({\eta }_{\mathrm{d}}\) :

Discharging efficiency of the converter

\({V}_{\mathrm{batt}}\) :

Battery voltage

\( {i}_{\mathrm{L}}\) :

Load current

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  1. Electrical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India

    Srihari Nayak & Sanjeeb Mohanty

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Nayak, S., Mohanty, S. Grid connected electric vehicle charging and discharging rate management with balance grid load. Electr Eng 105, 575–592 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-022-01671-9

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