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The associations between the changes in serum inflammatory markers and bone mineral accrual in boys with overweight and obesity during pubertal maturation: a 3-year longitudinal study in Estonian boys

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Abstract

Summary

Adipose tissue produces different inflammatory cytokines which compromise bone mineral accrual during puberty. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin (IL)-8, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are significantly related to bone mineral accrual during pubertal maturation in boys with different BMI values.

Introduction

This longitudinal study aims to identify the inflammatory markers that most strongly associate with pubertal bone mineral density (BMD) increment in boys with overweight and obesity (OWB).

Methods

Twenty-six OWB and 29 normal-weight boys were followed yearly for 3 years to measure changes in 12 serum inflammatory markers, BMD (by DXA), and apparent volumetric BMD. The OWB group was further divided into two subgroups according to their BMI gain during the 3-year period. Data through time points presented as slopes were used to calculate correlation coefficients to explore the possible relationships between variables of interest. In the whole study group, linear mixed effects (LME) models were also used.

Results

Increment in serum VEGF concentration was inversely associated with an increase in total body (TB) BMD (r = − 0.82, P = 0.02) and TB bone mineral content (BMC)/height (r = − 0.82, P = 0.02) in those OWB whose BMI gain was higher during pubertal years. In the whole study group, the LME model confirmed the inverse association between VEGF and TB BMC/height (P < 0.05). EGF was inversely associated with LS BMD and LS BMAD (P < 0.05), whereas there was a positive association between IL-8 and TB BMAD and between IFN-γ and LS BMD (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Lower increment in BMD in OWB with higher BMI gain is associated with increasing serum VEGF concentration during pubertal maturation. VEGF, EGF, IL-8, and IFN-γ are significantly associated with BMD during pubertal maturation in boys with different BMI values.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research grant IUT 20-58 and by Estonian Research Council grant PUT 1382.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Jakobi 5, 50411, Tartu, Estonia

    E. Mengel, L. Remmel, P. Purge, E. Lätt & J. Jürimäe

  2. Children’s Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia

    E. Mengel & V. Tillmann

  3. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

    V. Tillmann & P. Kool

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  1. E. Mengel
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  2. V. Tillmann
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Correspondence to E. Mengel.

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Informed consent statement

The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Mengel, E., Tillmann, V., Remmel, L. et al. The associations between the changes in serum inflammatory markers and bone mineral accrual in boys with overweight and obesity during pubertal maturation: a 3-year longitudinal study in Estonian boys. Osteoporos Int 29, 2069–2078 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4580-z

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