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Das Füllungsvolumen der Gallenblase im Autopsiematerial

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Abstract

Increased gallbladder volume (GBV) can be found in intensive care patients clinically and after death, but no other data on the postmortem GBV could be found.

In a series of 1140 forensic autopsies from 1988–1995 628 cases were appropriate for an analysis of the range of the „normal“ postmortem GBV. All relevant findings and information from these cases were encoded in a forensic postmortem data base.

The material was characterized by a high proportion of empty or nearly empty gallbladders: in 452 cases (72%) the GBV did not exceed 10 ml. Other ranges: 11–20 ml: n = 86 (13%); 21–30 ml: n = 48 (8%); 31–50 ml: n = 32 (5%); 51–80 ml: n = 6 (1%); > 80 ml: n = 4. The mean GBV was 11.8 ml (males: 12.9 ml, females: 9.6 ml). Bland cholecystolithiasis or an increased body mass index was not associated with higher GBV. In cases with a high gastric content the rate of low GBV was higher (59%) than in cases with a nearly empty stomach (45%), but the group with middle GBV (11–30 ml) showed no clear dependency on the gastric volume. The rate of low GBVs increased with postmortem time (1–2 days: 31%; 10 days or longer: 62%), but the middle and high GBVs showed no such tendency. The lowest GBVs were found in cases of acute natural (acture coronary: n = 94, mean GBV 8.7 ml) or traumatic death (severe blunt injuries: n = 72; mean GBV 6.3 ml), the highest GBVs were found in deaths of chronic alcoholics (n = 172, mean GBV 17.6 ml). GBVs of 50 ml or more (maximum: 140 ml) were found in 26 cases of which 18 were chronic alcoholics, most with severe pathologic findings of the liver. In the other cases the high GBV could be explained by serious abdominal illness (e.g. ileus, peritonitis, extrabiliary tumors) in all but one case.

The “normal” range of postmortem GBV is lower than that found in healthy living persons (by ultrasound), especially if chronic alcoholics are excluded. A postmortem GBV of more than 30 ml is very rare. A (partial) gallbladder emptying in special types of agony and a time-dependent postmortem loss of fluid are assumed to be the probable mechanisms.

Zusammenfassung

Im Gegensatz zu vielen klinischen Angaben gibt es von pathologisch-anatomischer Seite keine über bei verschiedenen postmortalen Fallgruppen beobachtete Füllungsvolumina der Gallenblase (GBV). Es sollte ein Vergleichsmaterial zu verstorbenen Krankenhaus- und vor allem Intensivpflegepatienten erarbeitet werden, bei denen abnorme GBV häufig sind. Basis waren 628 für die Fragestellung geeignete Fälle einer fortlaufenden Serie gerichtlicher Obduktionen 1988–1995. Das Untersuchungsgut war durch einen hohen Anteil geringen GBV charakterisiert: in 72% der Fälle wurden 10 ml nicht überschritten. Die Mittelwerte des GBV betrugen im Gesamtmaterial 11,8 ml (m: 12,9 ml; w: 9,6 ml). Ohne klaren Einfluß waren eine blande Cholelithiasis sowie eine hohe Körpermasse (Body Mass Index). Mit zunehmendem postmortalen Intervall stieg der Anteil kaum gefüllter GB etwas an. Die niedrigsten GBV fanden sich bei akuten Todesfällen (Koronartod: 8,7 ml; stumpfe Gewalt: 6,3 ml), deutlich höhere bei Intoxikationen (11,2 ml), übrigen natürlichen Todesfällen (12,1 ml) und chronischen Alkoholikern (17,6 ml). Die GBV lagen deutlich unter den an Lebenden gewonnenen Volumina. Ein postmortaler Flüssigkeitsverlust wird ebenso diskutiert wie eine von der Agonieform abhängige (Teil-)Entleerung im Todesgeschehen.

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Eingegangen: 8. Oktober 1997 / Angenommen: 24. November 1997

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Maxeiner, H. Das Füllungsvolumen der Gallenblase im Autopsiematerial. Rechtsmedizin 8, 89–93 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s001940050036

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