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Vapor chemical composition in electron beam powder bed fusion using Ti–6Al–4V powder

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Abstract

This study investigates the vapor chemical composition, during the melting step of an electron beam powder bed fusion process using Ti–6Al–4V powder. A phenomenological model is proposed to analyze and discuss the vapor composition. The model focus on the heat dissipation of the molten powder. Vapor stream from the molten powder is compounded by vapor saturation pressure and rapid boiling (ebullition) of the molten pool. The model is based on post mortem results of condensed vapor (thin film), which were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry, providing quantitative and in-depth profile data. It was found that the ratio of [Al] to [Ti] in the vapor stream is influenced by the melting conditions. As the e-beam current increases, the heat dissipation reaches the ebullition domains, and the [Al]/[Ti] ratio tends to the molar ratio of the precursor powder (Ti–6Al–4V), indicating the complete overheating of all the alloy elements.

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Acknowledgements

We are indebted to S. Gaiaschi, and J. Marciano from Horiba for the GDOES measurements. The authors are grateful to Rémi Daniaud for the technical help.

Funding

This study was performed in the framework of the SOFIA project supported by BPI France. We thank also the French RENATECH network.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France

    Vinicius G. Antunes, Abderzak el Farsy, Angela Crespi, Charles Ballage, Ovidiu Vasilovici & Tiberiu Minea

  2. Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique, CEA/LETI-Minatec, Grenoble INP, University Grenoble Alpes CNRS, 38054, Grenoble, France

    Vinicius G. Antunes, Camille Petit-Etienne & Erwine Pargon

  3. HORIBA France, Bd Thomas Gobert, 91120, Palaiseau, France

    Patrick Chapon

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Contributions

Vinicius G. Antunes: conceptualization, data curation, methodology, investigation, experiments, writing of original draft, validation, and writing including review and editing; Abderzak El Farsy: experiment, writing including review and editing, and validation; Angela Crespi: writing including review and editing, and validation; Charles Ballage: experiment, writing including review and editing, and validation; Ovidiu Vasilovici: experiment, writing including review and editing, and validation; Patrick Chapon: experiment, writing including review and editing, and validation; Camille Petit-Etienne: experiment, writing including review and editing, and validation; Erwine Pargon: writing including review and editing, validation, and supervision. Tiberiu Minea: project administration, writing including review and editing, conceptualization, and supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Vinicius G. Antunes.

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Antunes, V.G., el Farsy, A., Crespi, A. et al. Vapor chemical composition in electron beam powder bed fusion using Ti–6Al–4V powder. Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13553-4

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