Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has shown advantages to fabricate complex components in an efficient way. However, it has some limitations related to imperfections on the as-built parts that may limit its mechanical behavior and performance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of laser shock peening (LSP) as a post-processing technique of components produced by AM. Porosity, microstructure, residual stresses, and fatigue life of Inconel 718 samples manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and then treated by LSP have been evaluated. For the laser shock peening (LSP) treatment, a Nd:YAG pulsed laser operating at 10 Hz with 1064 nm of wavelength was used; pulse density was 2500 pulses/cm2. The LSP setup was the waterjet arrangement without protective coating. Residual stress distribution as a function of depth was determined by the hole-drilling method. Fatigue specimens were LSP treated on both sides and then cyclic loading was applied with R = 0.1. Residual stress profiles of as-built specimens showed tensile residual stresses while specimens with LSP exhibited compressive residual stresses. Fatigue life in specimens with stress relief heat treatment plus LSP showed an increase of 18–22% with respect to that of as-built specimens. Porosity levels were lower than 1% in the tested specimens, while surface microhardness increased due to LSP. It is shown that LSP is a viable alternative to improve the performance of IN718 components processed with AM.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The authors do not have permission to share data.
References
Slama C, Abdellaoui M (2000) Structural characterization of the aged Inconel 718. J Alloy Compd 306:277–284
Probstle M, Neumeier S, Hopfenmüller J, Freund LP, Niendorf T, Schwarze D, Goken M (2016) Superior creep strength of a nickel-based superalloy produced by selective laser melting. Mater Sci Eng A 674:299–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.07.061
Volpato GM, Tetzlaff U, Fredel MC (2022) A comprehensive literature review on laser powder bed fusion of Inconel superalloys. Addit Manuf 55:102871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.102871
Thompson SM, Bian L, Shamsaei N, Yadollahi A (2015) An overview of direct laser deposition for additive manufacturing; part I: transport phenomena, modeling and diagnostics. Addit Manuf 8:36–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(96)10233-1
Lu Y, Wu S, Gan Y, Huang T, Yang C, Junjie L, Lin J (2015) Study on the micro- structure, mechanical property and residual stress of SLM Inconel-718 alloy manufactured by differing island scanning strategy. Opt Laser Technol 75:197–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.07.009
Lesyk DA, Martinez S, Mordyuk BN, Dzhemelinskyi VV, Lamikiz A, Prokopenko GI (2020) Post-processing of the Inconel 718 alloy parts fabricated by selective laser melting: Effects of mechanical surface treatments on surface topography, porosity, hardness and residual stress. Surf Coat Technol 381:125136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125136
Jia Q, Gu D (2014) Selective laser melting additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 su-peralloy parts: densification, microstructure and properties. J Alloy Comp 585:713–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.09.171
Wang W, Wang S, Zhang X, Chen F, Xu Y, Tian Y (2021) Process parameter optimization for selective laser melting of Inconel 718 superalloy and the effects of subsequent heat treatment on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. J Manuf Process 64:530–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.02.004
Mishurova T, Cabeza S, Thiede T, Nadammal N, Kromm A, Klaus M, Genzel C, Haberland C, Bruno G (2018) The influence of the support structure on residual stress and distortion in SLM Inconel 718 parts. Metal Mater Trans A 49:3038–3046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4653-9
Ahmad B, van der Veen SO, Fitzpatrick ME, Guo H (2018) Residual stress evaluation in selective-laser-melting additively manufactured titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) and Inconel 718 using the contour method and numerical simulation. Addit Manuf 22:571–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.06.002
Ali H, Ghadbeigi H, Mumtaz K (2018) Effect of scanning strategies on residual stress and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V. Mater Sci Eng A 712:175–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.11.103
Hack H, Link R, Knudsen E, Baker B, Olig S (2017) Mechanical properties of additive manufactured nickel alloy 625. Addit Manuf 14:105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2017.02.004
Zhang B, Wang P, Chew Y, Wen Y, Zhang M, Wang P, Bi G, Wei J (2020) Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of selective laser melting Inconel 718 along building direction and sectional dimension. Mater Sci Eng, A 794:139941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139941
Zhang D, Niu W, Cao X, Liu Z (2015) Effect of standard heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melting manufactured Inconel 718 superalloy. Mater Sci Eng A 644:32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.06.021
ASTM F3301–18a (2018) Standard for additive manufacturing – post processing methods – standard specification for thermal post-processing metal parts made via powder bed fusion. West Conshohocken, PA, USA
Thiede T, Cabeza S, Mishurova T, Kromm A, Bode J, Haberland C, Bruno G (2017) Residual stress in selective laser melted Inconel 718: influence of the removal from base plate and deposition hatch length. Mater Perform Character 7:0119–0138. https://doi.org/10.1520/MPC20170119
Witkin DB, Patel DN, Bean GE (2019) Notched fatigue testing of Inconel 718 prepared by selective laser melting, Fatigue Fract. Eng Mater Struct 42:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12880
Solberg K, Berto F (2020) The effect of defects and notches in quasi-static and fatigue loading of Inconel 718 specimens produced by selective laser melting. Int J Fatigue 137:105637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105637
Wang Z, Xiao Z, Huang C, Wen L, Zhang W (2017) Influence of ultrasonic surface rolling on microstructure and wear behavior of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Materials 10(10):1203. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10101203
Granados-Alejo V, Rubio-González C, Vázquez-Jiménez CA, Banderas JA, Gómez-Rosas G (2018) Influence of specimen thickness on the fatigue behavior of notched steel plates subjected to laser shock peening. Opt Laser Technol 101:531–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.12.011
Granados-Alejo V, Rubio-González C, Banderas JA, Flores S (2022) The laser shock peening effect on fatigue life of curved components with and without stress concentrators. J Mater Eng Perform 31:1046–1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06282-2
Rodriguez-Herrejon VM, Rubio-González C, Flores-García S, Carreon-Garcidueñas H, López-Morelos VH, Ruiz A (2023) Analysis of the effects of isothermal aging and Laser Shock Peening on the flow properties, fatigue crack growth and fracture toughness of Inconel 718. Opt Laser Technol 162:109288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109288
Spadaro L, Gomez-Rosas G, Rubio-González C, Bolmaro R, Chavez Chavez A, Hereñu S (2017) Fatigue behavior of superferritic stainless steel laser shock treated without protective coating. Opt Laser Technol 93:208–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.03.003
Hereñú S, Strubbia R, Rubio-González C, Spadaro L, Bolmaro R, Gomez-Rosas G (2022) High cycle fatigue life improvement of superferritic stainless steel by laser shock peening without coating. Opt Laser Technol 152:108083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108083
Maleki E, Unal O, Guagliano M, Bagherifard S (2021) The effects of shot peening, laser shock peening and ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification on the fatigue strength of Inconel 718 Mater Sci Eng A, 810:141029, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141029
Kalentics N, Varela O, de Seijas M, Griffiths S, Leinenbach C, Logé RE (2020) 3D laser shock peening – a new method for improving fatigue properties of selective laser melted parts. Addit Manuf 33:101112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101112
Hackel L, Rankin JR, Rubenchik A, King WE, Matthews M (2018) Laser peening: a tool for additive manufacturing post-processing. Addit Manuf 24:67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.09.013
Guo W, Sun R, Song B, Zhu Y, Li F, Che Z, Li B, Guo C, Liu L, Peng P (2018) Laser shock peening of laser additive manufactured Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. Surf Coat Technol 349:503–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.06.020
Chi J, Cai Z, Wan Z, Zhang H, Chen Z, Li L, Li Y, Peng P, Guo W (2020) Effects of heat treatment combined with laser shock peening on wire and arc additive manufactured Ti17 titanium alloy: microstructures, residual stress and mechanical properties. Surf Coat Technol 396:125908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125908
Luo S, He W, Chen K, Nie X, Zhou L, Li Y (2018) Regain the fatigue strength of laser additive manufactured Ti alloy via laser shock peening. J Alloy Compd 750:626–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.029
Sun R, Li L, Zhu Y, Guo W, Peng P, Cong B, Sun J, Che Z, Li B, Guo C, Liu L (2018) Microstructure, residual stress and tensile properties control of wire-arc additive manufactured 2319 aluminum alloy with laser shock peening. J Alloy Compd 747:255–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.353
Jinoop AN, Subbu SK, Paul CP et al (2019) Post-processing of laser additive manufactured inconel 718 using laser shock peening. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 20:1621–1628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-019-00147-4
ASTM F3055–14a (2021) Standard specification for additive manufacturing nickel alloy (UNS N07718) with powder bed fusion. West Conshohocken, PA, USA
ASTM E8/E8M-22 (2022) Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. West Conshohocken, PA, USA
ASTM E466–21 (2021) Standard practice for conducting force controlled constant amplitude axial fatigue tests of metallic materials. West Conshohocken, PA, USA
ASTM International: E837–20 (2020) Standard test method for determining residual stresses by the hole-drilling strain gage method, v. 03.01. West Conshohocken, PA, USA
McLouth TD, Witkin DB, Bean GE, Sitzman SD, Adams PM, Lohser JR, Yang M, Zaldivar RJ (2020) Variations in ambient and elevated temperature mechanical behavior of IN718 manufactured by selective laser melting via process parameter control. Mater Sci Eng A 780:139184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139184
Cullity BD, Stock SR (2014) Elements of X-ray diffraction, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc. MA, USA
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank CIDESI (Center of Engineering and Industrial Development) for the support during this study. This work was performed at CIDESI, Querétaro.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
J. A. Banderas-Hernández: investigation, data curation. C. Rubio-González: conceptualization, supervision, writing—original draft. A. Gómez-Ortega: resources, visualization. S. Flores-García: investigation, data curation. C. E. Martínez-Pérez: investigation, data curation.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Competing interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Banderas-Hernández, J.A., Rubio-González, C., Gómez-Ortega, A. et al. Laser shock peening as a post-processing technique for Inconel 718 components manufactured by laser powder bed fusion. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 132, 669–687 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13402-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13402-4