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Research and developments of ceramic-reinforced steel matrix composites—a comprehensive review

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Abstract

Steel matrix composites are widely used in automotive, aerospace, wear, and cutting applications due to their superior mechanical properties, ease of manufacture, and low cost. However, there are still some limitations in the strength, reinforcement dispersion, and interface control of steel matrix composites, which are mainly achieved through different preparation processes and the addition of reinforced particles with mixed metal powders. Previous studies have demonstrated the enhanced ability of various reinforcing particles such as titanium carbide, silicon carbide, and alumina to enhance the wear performance of steel substrates, but there are still some challenges, such as uneven particle distribution, interface cracks, and unsatisfactory wettability. In this paper, the preparation methods of ceramic-reinforced metal matrix, ceramic reinforcement, steel matrix composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear properties, as well as the parameters affecting their properties, are reviewed. The preparation processes of different ceramic-reinforced steel matrix composites are introduced, which are very suitable for overcoming challenges such as insufficient strength, poor dispersion, uneven distribution, and poor interfacial wettability. The influence of the morphology distribution and volume fraction of reinforcement on the wear rate of steel matrix composites was discussed. The importance of the microstructure of ceramic reinforcement in steel matrix and the interface between ceramic and matrix to improve the mechanical properties of steel matrix composites were emphasized. This review identifies the development trends in the field of research to fully illustrate the importance of more in-depth scientific research in steel matrix composites.

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The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and/or its supplementary materials.

Abbreviations

Al:

Aluminum

AlN:

Aluminum nitrate

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

B4C:

Boron carbide

Cu:

Copper

Cr:

Chromium

Cr3C2 :

Chromium carbide

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CS:

Cold spraying

Fe:

Iron

Mg:

Magnesium

Mo:

Molybdenum

Mn:

Manganese

MoSi2 :

Molybdenum disilicide

MMCs:

Metal matrix composites

MMNCs:

Metal matrix nanocomposites

Ni:

Nickel

NbC:

Niobium carbide

NiCo:

Nickel cobalt

PCS:

Polycarbosilane

Si:

Silicon

SiO2 :

Silicon oxide

SiC:

Silicon carbide

SPS:

Spark plasma sintering

SHS:

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis

SLM:

Selective laser melting

SS:

Stainless steel

SLD:

Supersonic laser deposition

Ti:

Titanium

TiC:

Titanium carbide

TiB2 :

Titanium diboride

WC:

Tungsten carbide

Zn:

Zinc

ZTA:

Zirconia toughened alumina

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  1. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China

    Zitian Hu, Huijun Yin, Ming Li, Jiali Li & Haoran Zhu

  2. School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China

    Huijun Yin

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ZH: resources, project administration, methodology, software, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. HY: methodology, funding acquisition, conceptualization, writing—review and editing. ML: project administration, methodology, writing—review and editing. JL: resources, writing—review and editing. HZ: supervision, formal analysis.

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Hu, Z., Yin, H., Li, M. et al. Research and developments of ceramic-reinforced steel matrix composites—a comprehensive review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 131, 125–149 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13123-8

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