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Effects of print parameters and heat treatment on fatigue of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718

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Abstract

This paper studies printing parameters and post-printing heat treatment for laser powder bed fused Inconel 718. The printing scanning speeds and energy densities per unit volume were varied, and each print group was subjected to combinations of three different types of heat treatment: homogenization, hot isostatic pressing, and solution heat treating following with aging. The quality of the samples was measured by the porosity present in the samples, hardness, size/quantity of defects, and identification of phases and defects in the microstructure. Both optical and scanning electron microscopy observations showed that a scanning speed of 1250 mm/s and energy density of 54.5 J/mm3 result in the lowest porosity. Reduction of porosity and precipitation hardening increased material hardness to 470 HV. The Laves phases, normally seen in the as-printed samples, were effectively minimized after these thermal heat treatments. An increment of 550% of fatigue life was seen in axial fatigue testing at 525 MPa on samples after hot isostatic and aging treatment.

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Abbreviations

AM:

Additive manufacturing

AMS:

Aerospace material specification

AP:

As printed

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

EBW:

Electron beam welding

EDS:

Energy-dispersive spectroscopy

HT:

Heat treatment

HG:

Homogenization

HIP:

Hot isostatic pressing

HRB:

Rockwell B hardness

HV:

Vickers microhardness

IMT:

Incipient melting temperature

IN718:

Inconel 718

L-PBF:

Laser powder bed fusion

LED:

Linear energy density (J/mm)

OM:

Optical microscopy

P :

Laser power (W)

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SLM:

Selective laser melting

S :

Scanning speed (mm/s)

SA:

Solution heat treating and aging

T :

Layer thickness (mm)

VED:

Volumetric energy density (J/mm3)

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Funding

This work was supported by KGSBO Inc. in Texas, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Anthony P. Marino, Shyam Balasubramanian & Wayne Hung

  2. Knust-Godwin LLC, Katy, TX, 77494, USA

    Matthew Carl & Mike Corliss

Authors
  1. Anthony P. Marino
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  2. Shyam Balasubramanian
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  3. Matthew Carl
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  4. Mike Corliss
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  5. Wayne Hung
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Contributions

Anthony Marino, Shyam Balasubramanian, and Wayne Hung contributed to the experimental design and microstructure analysis. Matthew Carl and Mike Corliss provided the printed and post-processed specimens.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wayne Hung.

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Appendix. Vickers and Rockwell hardness data

Appendix. Vickers and Rockwell hardness data

Table 9, 10 and 11

Table 9 Hardness data for samples in the A group
Full size table
Table 10 Hardness data for samples in the B group
Full size table
Table 11 Hardness data for samples in the C group
Full size table

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Marino, A.P., Balasubramanian, S., Carl, M. et al. Effects of print parameters and heat treatment on fatigue of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 125, 2035–2054 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10773-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10773-4

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