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Microstructural evolution of external cold extrusion spinning 304 stainless steel with cumulative large deformation in multiple passes

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Abstract

In this paper, the strain-induced martensite transformation (SIMT) process of 304 stainless steel tubes under the action of a high shear stress state (HSSS) in the deformation zone of a new spinning process is studied and analyzes the changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of each tubular workpiece obtained after continuous cold spinning under HSSS. Firstly, the contact equations and stress–strain state equations for the external cold extrusion spinning (ECES) were established and combined with the stress state criterion to find that ECES has a higher softening coefficient than conventional spinning (CS) in the deformation zone. To study the performance of the workpiece at each stage of processing, a longitudinal unidirectional tensile test was carried out on 304 stainless steel tubes. The material was obtained by cold spinning 5 times in succession for each pass of the tube, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to measure the phase volume fraction of the workpiece at each stage, which provides a reference for subsequent transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of the microstructure. The results show that the martensitic phase changes gradually after the volume fraction of martensite grows to a peak of 35% and gradually refines and fractures in tension, forming ultra-fine grain size laths of martensitic phase, while the tensile limit increases by 2.1 times, at which time the elongation at break is less than 5%.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Shanxi Coal Based Low Carbon Joint Fund (U1610118), National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB1308701), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51375325), and the Shanxi Provincial Special Fund for Coordinative Innovation Center of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Equipment for their support to this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China

    Yiwei Xu, Weizhuang Li, Wang Tian & Chunjiang Zhao

  2. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030002, China

    Jianguo Liang

  3. QingHong Electronic Mechanical, Taiyuan, 030007, China

    Guoqing Zhang

Authors
  1. Yiwei Xu
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  2. Weizhuang Li
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  3. Wang Tian
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  4. Jianguo Liang
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  5. Guoqing Zhang
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  6. Chunjiang Zhao
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Weizhuang Li, Wang Tian, and Guoqing Zhang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yiwei Xu, and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chunjiang Zhao.

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Xu, Y., Li, W., Tian, W. et al. Microstructural evolution of external cold extrusion spinning 304 stainless steel with cumulative large deformation in multiple passes. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 123, 1009–1024 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10107-4

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