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Review of self-cleaning TiO2 thin films deposited with spin coating

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Abstract

This paper reviewed the deposition of thin films of TiO2 for self-cleaning applications deposited using the spin coater. The overwhelming global demand for electricity pushes power producers to develop substitute energy sources. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, and hydroelectric are now considered to create alternative power sources. The most abundant form on earth is solar energy, converted to electrical energy using a solar panel. Regrettably, solar panels attract contaminants once exposed to the atmosphere, causing their efficiency to drop. Self-cleaning is one of the researched technologies to help maintain clean photovoltaic surfaces. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is among the materials studied for self-cleaning, and the spin-coating method offers great promise. This paper presented the background and working principle of the spin coater, precautions to be taken with the spin-coating process, and the merits and demerits of the process. The paper highlighted the self-cleaning mechanism and the spin-coating method to create self-cleaning TiO2 thin films for application on several surfaces, including the solar panel. Commonly used self-cleaning materials were also reviewed, including materials used to dope or create TiO2 composite for better self-cleaning capability. Effects of process parameters, available substrates, surfactants, solvents, and stabilizing agents on the final TiO2 thin film performance and recent innovative efforts to improve the spin-coating process and the self-cleaning abilities of TiO2 are reviewed. This will contribute to the body of knowledge on spin-coating techniques, self-cleaning thin films, and TiO2.

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Funding

The authors would like to appreciate funding from the National Research Foundation of South Africa, The University Research Council of the University of Johannesburg, South Africa, and the Global Excellence Stature award.

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  1. University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Valantine Takwa Lukong, Kingsley Ukoba & Tien-Chien Jen

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  1. Valantine Takwa Lukong
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  2. Kingsley Ukoba
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  3. Tien-Chien Jen
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Mr. Valantine Takwa Lukong performed originator, data collection, and first draft. Preliminary review and editing by Dr. Ukoba Kingsley. Prof. Tien-Chien Jen carried out the funding source, material, analysis tools, and final editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tien-Chien Jen.

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Lukong, V.T., Ukoba, K. & Jen, TC. Review of self-cleaning TiO2 thin films deposited with spin coating. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 122, 3525–3546 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10043-3

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