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Microstructure evolution mechanism of single and multi-pass in laser cladding based on heat accumulation effect for invar alloy

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Abstract

This work explores how the process parameters in laser cladding affect the evolution of the microstructure of the single-pass and multi-pass cladding layers of Invar alloys. The research examined the cladding layers from three aspects: (1) the transformation of grain size, heat-affected zone (HAZ) width, ratio of the columnar crystal to the equiaxed crystal, and change of Fe content of the cladding layer; (2) the effects of heat accumulation on grain size, HAZ width, and remelting zone; and (3) the hardness distribution of single-pass and multi-pass cladding layers. The investigation has the following four findings: (1) the cladding layer is composed of equiaxed crystals at the top and columnar crystals at the bottom of the cladding layer; (2) the processing parameters have significant effects on the width of the HAZ, proportion between the columnar and equiaxed crystals, and the change of Fe content of the cladding layer; (3) the gradual accumulation of heat causes the increase in HAZ width, the grain size, and the area of the remelting zone; and (4) the hardness progressively reduces from the top to the bottom along the direction of the centerline of the cladding layer.

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Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the State Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing, China Academy of Engineering Physics (Granted No. ZM17002), the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Granted No. 19KJA430005), and the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Foundation Grant (Granted No. 20191415).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Aeronautics and Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, 213002, People’s Republic of China

    Shichao Zhu

  2. College of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243032, People’s Republic of China

    Chenxiao Yu

  3. Hangzhou Bearing Test & Research Center Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310022, People’s Republic of China

    Zhen Chang

  4. College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaohong Zhan

  5. College of Aerospace Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003, People’s Republic of China

    Chao Zeng

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  1. Shichao Zhu
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  2. Chenxiao Yu
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  3. Zhen Chang
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  4. Xiaohong Zhan
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  5. Chao Zeng
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Contributions

Shichao Zhu conceived the analysis and wrote the manuscript. Chenxiao Yu collected the data and revised the manuscript. Zhen Chang worked laser cladding experiments. Chao Zeng measured cladding layer of microstructure. Xiaohong Zhan provided experimental equipment, experimental materials, and experimental expenses.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shichao Zhu or Xiaohong Zhan.

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Zhu, S., Yu, C., Chang, Z. et al. Microstructure evolution mechanism of single and multi-pass in laser cladding based on heat accumulation effect for invar alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 117, 3447–3463 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07900-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07900-y

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