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Experimental investigation on the springback of AZ31B Mg alloys in warm incremental sheet forming assisted with oil bath heating

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Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) alloy sheets have attracted considerable attention as one of the most promising lightweight structural materials for weight reduction–oriented industries owing to their excellent properties compared with conventional materials. However, basal-textured Mg alloy sheets exhibit extremely inferior formability at room temperature due to their hexagonal close-packed structure and the limited number of active slip systems. Herein, an innovative warm incremental sheet forming assisted with oil bath heating approach to form difficult-to-form metal materials is proposed. To examine the forming quality of the approach, using springback as an evaluation index, a sequence of tests was conducted while forming AZ31B Mg alloy sheets according to a central composite design including response surface methodology and analysis of variance. The results indicated the approach was able to form Mg alloy sheets with great feasibility. The forming temperature (A), forming angle (B), step depth (C), and sheet thickness (D) are substantial factors that affect the springback, whereas the tool diameter (E) has a much less influential role compared with the individual effects of the other parameters, and the reasons for these results are explained. All the remaining interactive terms are substantial interactive factors except the AB, AE, BE, and CD terms, and a quadratic regression model gives the best fit with a 95% confidence level for springback. It was also indicated from the optimization results that to achieve a minimum springback value, the 166.3 °C forming temperature, 50.4° forming angle, 0.22-mm step depth, 1.18-mm sheet thickness, and 11.5-mm tool diameter should be selected.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Department of Science & Technology of Shaanxi Province under Grant No. 2019GY-118; the MOE Key Laboratory of the Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering under Grant No. KLTFSE2018KF03; the Science & Technology Bureau of the Taizhou City under Grant No. 1701gy27; the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Information & Control Engineering Education under Grant No. 2019ICYB11; and the Xi’an University of Posts &Telecommunications under Grant No. JGZ201816.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Automation, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, No. 618, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an, 710121, People’s Republic of China

    San Zhang, Zhen Li & Xiangkui Jiang

  2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Information & Control Engineering Education, Xi’an University of Technology, No. 5, South Jinhua Road, Beilin District, Xi’an, 710048, People’s Republic of China

    San Zhang

  3. MOE Key Laboratory of the Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Beilin District, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China

    G. H. Tang

  4. College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, No. 788, Xueyuan Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, People’s Republic of China

    KeJie Li

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  1. San Zhang
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Correspondence to San Zhang.

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Zhang, S., Tang, G.H., Li, Z. et al. Experimental investigation on the springback of AZ31B Mg alloys in warm incremental sheet forming assisted with oil bath heating. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 109, 535–551 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05678-z

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